ECG
What is the normal measurement in seconds of the P-R interval?
0.12-0.20 seconds
Name the six rights of medication administration.
Right patient, right medication, right dose, right time, right route, right documentation
What are the three layers of a coronary artery? (Full medical terminology)
Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica adventitia
Blood flows from the right ventricle through what valve into the lungs?
Pulmonary / pulmonic
What is the formula to calculate cardiac output?
HR x SV = CO
What are 2 features on the ECG of myocardial ischemia
ST-depression, T-wave inversion
This is a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor used for NSTEMI/STEMI patients with a high thrombus burden.
Tirofiban
Name the technique used to insert a radial or femoral sheath into an artery or vein.
Modified Seldinger
The spider radiographic view is best to visualise which parts of the coronary arteries?
What three factors determine stroke volume?
Preload, afterload and contractility
True or false: Torsades de Points is a monomorphic VT.
False: Torsades de Points is a polymorphic VT.
What is the reversal medication for Fentanyl overdose and what is the initial dose?
Naloxone, 100-200 mcg
For femoral arterial puncture, the percutaneous needle should access the artery superficially to the femoral head and 3 cm distal to which ligament?
Inguinal
Which coronary artery supplies the AV node?
RCA
What is the normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure?
<15 mmHg
Name the rhythm: An organised atrial rhythm caused by reentry in which the impulse initiated from an irritable site circles within the atria and depolarises the atria regularly at a very rapid rate.
Atrial flutter
What is the drug class of Furosemide?
Loop diuretic
What is the most common early sign of deterioration for patients undergoing PCI?
Tachypnoea
This condition causes the immune system to attack blood vessels causing inflammation. Tends to affect the coronary arteries producing aneurysmal large vessels.
Kawasaki
What is the normal range for cardiac output?
4-8L/min
What is the term used to describe the ST depression + T wave inversion changes that commonly occur with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)?
Strain pattern
A dromotropic medication affects what part of the cardiac conduction system?
AV node
What is the most potentially dangerous timing error for IABP?
Early inflation
Why? Dangerously increases myocardial workload and decreases cardiac output due to
-Premature closing of AO valve
-Reduced stroke volume
-Increased afterload
-Increased myocardial oxygen demand
Which type of intracardiac shunt will produce a decreased SPO2 reading despite delivery of oxygen?
R-L shunt
The Bezold-Jarisch Reflex is an cardioinhibitory reflex defined by what three symptoms?
Bradycardia, vasodilation, hypotension