The ⛪'s Response
This religious order, founded during the Catholic Reformation, was known for its education and missionary work, playing a key role in defending and spreading Catholicism.
This practice, which involved the selling of indulgences for forgiveness of sins, was reformed by the Council of Trent but not abolished.
Sale of Indulgences
This religious order, founded during the Catholic Reformation, was known for its education and missionary work, playing a key role in defending and spreading Catholicism.
Jesuits
The Reformation, and the Catholic Church’s response, weakened this central authority, leading to the rise of nation-states.
Authority of the Church
This war, fought between 1618 and 1648, was one of the deadliest religious conflicts in Europe and was partly fueled by the Catholic-Protestant divide.
Thirty Years War
This institution was revived and strengthened during the Catholic Reformation to combat heresy and enforce religious uniformity.
Inquisition
The Council of Trent reaffirmed that both of these elements are necessary for salvation, countering the Protestant belief in “faith alone.”
Faith AND Good Works
This founder of the Jesuits emphasized strict discipline, education, and missionary work as part of the Catholic Reformation.
Ignatius of Loyola
The Reformation contributed to this intellectual movement, which questioned traditional authority and paved the way for scientific inquiry.
This 1648 treaty marked the end of the Thirty Years’ War and established the principle of state sovereignty in Europe.
Treaty of Westphalia
This major Catholic council, held between 1545 and 1563, aimed to clarify Catholic doctrine and reform church practices
Council of Trent
To combat Protestantism, the Council of Trent emphasized the need for this language to remain the official language of the Catholic Church.
Latin
Jesuits were instrumental in establishing schools and universities, becoming leaders in this type of Reformation activity.
Education
The Reformation’s challenge to the authority of the Catholic Church led to the rise of this modern political system, where countries became sovereign entities.
nation-state
The French Wars of Religion between Catholics and Protestants in France ended with this DOCUMENT.
Edict of Nantes
The Inquisition primarily targeted these types of people, whom they believed were spreading heretical ideas.
Protestants (also, any religion having a heretical position toward the Catholic Church)
This sacred text was reaffirmed as the sole authority on faith and morals during the Council of Trent, rejecting the Protestant idea of "sola scriptura."
Bible
Jesuits were instrumental in establishing schools and universities, becoming leaders in this type of Reformation activity.
Mission Work
As a result of the Reformation, this northern European country became predominantly Protestant, while its southern counterpart remained Catholic.
Germany
This 1555 agreement allowed each prince in the Holy Roman Empire to choose whether their realm would follow Catholicism or Lutheranism.
Peace of Augsberg
One of the infamous tools of the Inquisition was to place suspected heretical writings on this list, banning their circulation.
What is the Index of Prohibited Books?
The Council of Trent clarified this Catholic sacrament, insisting it involved the real presence of Christ, rejecting Protestant interpretations.
This university opened in 1887 and was founded by Jesuits, chief among them, Father Joseph Cataldo.
Gonzaga
The Reformation increased political and religious tensions across Europe, but also paved the way for this intellectual and cultural movement in the 17th century.
Enlightenment
Huguenots, who fought in the French Wars of Religion and were granted religious freedom and civil rights under the Edict of Nantes, were French followers of this religious reformer.
John Calvin