Causative Variables
Jade watches TV in the target language but does not engage socially; her exposure is low in this.
Quality of exposure
___ is the theorist who proposed the Acculturation Model of second language acquisition.
John Schumann
According to Lenneberg, when does critical period for language aquisition typically occur?
From early childhood to puberty.
Knowledge that is easy to learn but difficult to use in real communication.
Explicit Knowledge
TRUE OR FALSE
The model’s main failing in classroom contexts is that it overstates the importance of formal instructio
False. The criticism is that the model downplays or dismisses the importance of formal instruction.
Programs where subjects are taught entirely in the target language are known as this.
Immersion
Schumann developed his theory as part of the broader field of ___ language acquisition.
Second Language
Who proposed the idea of a critical period for language in 1959, before Lenneberg?
Wilder Penfield and Lamar Roberts
How should teaching methods differ for learners within and beyond the critical period?
Younger learners benefit from immersive and implicit learning, while older learners may need explicit instruction and structured practice.
( TRUE OR FALSE )
A student with high language aptitude will likely learn a language faster than a student with low aptitude, even if their levels of acculturation are identical.
True. This scenario is provided as an example to support the criticism that the model overlooks key cognitive factors, like aptitude, which play a critical role.
How does length of exposure alone fail to predict proficiency in second language learners?
Because without active use and quality input, long exposure may not lead to acquisition.
It is the theory created by John Schumann
Acculturation
What is the main factor in SLA that affects speed, style, and limit of language learning?
Age
What role do immersion and exposure play in effective language instruction?
Immersion provides natural, contextualized input, which is critical for developing intuitive language skills, especially in children.
What are the key criticisms of the Acculturation Model?
Critics argue it is overly simplistic, lacks empirical support, and doesn't fully explain individual differences in language learning.
The __________ of exposure refers to how much time a learner spends using or hearing the target language.
Quantity of Exposure
Schumann’s theory emphasizes the importance of ___ and ___ distance between the learner and the target language group.
Social and psychological
What is the core idea of Eric's Lenneberg Theory of second language acquisition?
Lenneberg's theory posits that language acquisition is biologically driven, with a critical period during childhood when the brain is most receptive to learning a second language,after which acquiring it becomes significantly more difficult.
How can educators support adult language learners who may be past the critical period?
By using cognitive strategies, structured grammar instruction, and real-life practice to compensate for reduced neural plasticity.
( TRUE OR FALSE )
The model’s main failing in classroom contexts is that it overstates the importance of formal instruction.
False. The criticism is that the model downplays or dismisses the importance of formal instruction.
According to Stephen Krashen, the most essential causes of SLA are Comprehensible Input and a low ____________.
Affective Filter
Acculturation is the process of adapting to and becoming part of a new cultural and social environment. In SLA, it shows how much the learner integrates with the target language community.
What is the main premise of Eric Lenneberg’s theory of language acquisition?
Lenneberg argued that language is biologically innate and that humans have a critical period during which language acquisition must occur.
In the context of SLA, why is explicit instruction considered more effective than implicit exposure for learning specific language features, according to the meta-analysis by Goo et al. (2015)?
Because explicit instruction involves over teaching of rules or forms, leading to better targeted learning and test performance.
Why does Schumann's Acculturation theory criticized as being too limited in second language acquisition?
because it mainly focuses on social and psychological distance, overlooking cognitive processes, individual learner differences, and the role of formal instruction