Bitcoin
What is the maximum number of Bitcoin that will ever exist?
21 Million
What is the native currency of the Ethereum network?
Ether
What does 'DeFi' stand for?
Decentralized Finance
What is the general term for networks built on top of Ethereum that boost throughput and reduce fees?
Layer 2 (L2)
What is the pseudonym of Bitcoin's anonymous creator?
Satoshi Nakamoto
What cryptographic hash function does the Bitcoin network use to secure blocks?
SHA-256
What is the general term for self-executing code deployed on a blockchain?
Smart contracts
What type of token is designed to hold a stable value, typically pegged 1:1 to a fiat currency?
Stablecoin
What do you call the 'waiting room' of pending transactions before they are confirmed into a block?
Mempool
Who is the Russian-Canadian programmer most publicly associated with co-founding Ethereum?
Vitalik Buterin
The Bitcoin halving, which cuts the block reward in half, occurs every how many blocks?
210,000 blocks (roughly every four years)
What was the name of the 2022 Ethereum upgrade that transitioned the network from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake?
The Merge
What is the invariant (the formula) that defines the behavior of a Uniswap V2-style automated market maker?
x ยท y = k (the constant product formula)
What are the two main categories of Ethereum rollups, distinguished by how they prove validity to Layer 1?
Optimistic rollups and ZK rollups
On May 22, 2010, Laszlo Hanyecz famously paid 10,000 BTC for what food item, an event now celebrated annually?
Pizza (two Papa John's pizzas)
What 2017 soft fork, short for 'Segregated Witness,' fixed transaction malleability and paved the way for the Lightning Network?
SegWit
How much ETH must be staked to run a solo validator node on Ethereum?
32 ETH
What Ethereum Improvement Proposal introduced a base fee that is burned on every transaction?
EIP-1559
How many days is the standard withdrawal challenge period during which fraud proofs can be submitted against an Optimistic Rollup like Arbitrum or Optimism?
7 days
What Tokyo-based exchange, once handling roughly 70% of all Bitcoin transactions, collapsed in early 2014 after losing around 850,000 BTC?
Mt. Gox
What newspaper headline is famously embedded in the coinbase of Bitcoin's genesis block?
'The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks'
What 2016 re-entrancy exploit caused a contentious hard fork that created the Ethereum Classic chain?
The DAO hack
What three-letter acronym describes the profit extractable by reordering, inserting, or censoring transactions within a block, often via sandwich attacks?
MEV (Maximum Extractable Value)
What did EIP-4844, also known as 'proto-danksharding,' introduce in March 2024 to dramatically lower data-posting costs for rollups?
Blobs (blob-carrying transactions)
What 1998 digital currency proposal by Nick Szabo is widely considered the closest intellectual precursor to Bitcoin?