Civil War
The south's economy relied heavily on _____________ _______________
Plantation Agriculture
Describe the Reconstruction era in one sentence.
During Reconstruction, the South went through the process of rebuilding and reuniting with the United States
After the Civil War ended, many settlers migrated __________, which caused tension between Natives and settlers.
West
Texans relied heavily on this cash crop during the late 1800s
Cotton
Buffalo Soldiers were established to-
Protect white settlers from Native attacks
Sectionalism
List 5 ways the Freedmen's Bureau assisted former slaves after the Civil War.
The Freedmen's Bureau provided the following to former slaves:
-Food
-Shelter
-Clothing
-Jobs
-Education
-Legal Assistance
U.S. officials encouraged hunters to slaughter buffalo herds in an attempt to-
Drive the rest of the Natives left in Texas onto reservations
These were people who wanted to put an end to slavery in the south
Abolitionists
This event led to the U.S. government taking a new strategy when dealing with Native attacks.
Salt Creek Massacre
During this major event, the Union troops established a blockade in an attempt to stop the flow of necessary supplies into the Confederacy
Battle of Galveston
These were created in an attempt to limit the 13th amendment's impact.
Black Codes
This African American musician is known as the 'King of Ragtime.'
Scott Joplin
States Rights
Why did governor James Hogg create the Texas Railroad Commission?
to prevent railroad corporations from being able to abuse their power
What are two values that Southern Democrats held close during the Civil War era?
They wanted to preserve the practice of slavery and wanted to increase states rights.
What was the cause of the South returning to the mistreatment of African Americans and other minorities and the creation of Jim Crow Laws?
President Rutherford B. Hayes agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South and officially end Reconstruction
As the railroad industry expanded, what were at least 3 areas of growth in Texas?
Any of the following are correct:
•the U.S. economy and free enterprise
•the settlement of western lands
•cities that were along rail lines, but a decline in cities that were not
•industries related to railroads, such as lumber and coal
•commercial agriculture, or large-scale farming to sell crops or livestock for profit
The Civil War ended after General Robert E. Lee's surrender to the Union General Ulysses S. Grant at ________________ _________ ______________
What was the effect of windmills in Texas?
Windmills provided access to water in dry areas and allowed farmers and ranchers to expand onto the plains
What were at least TWO factors that led to the Union's victory over the Confederacy?
-The North had a higher population
-The North had more resources like weapons, ammunition, soldiers
-The South had less trained soldiers
-The North had installed more telegraph lines that allowed for communication
(other answers may also be correct)
List the three amendments and that were created during the Reconstruction era AND what they declared that primarily impacted free African Americans.
-Thirteenth Amendment abolished, or ended, slavery in America
-Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to freedmen and required that states give everyone due process and equal protection
-Fifteenth Amendment granted African American men suffrage, or the right to vote
How did the growth of railroads impact the cattle industry?
as railroads grew and became a faster, more people utilized trains as a cheaper way of transporting cattle
What were AT LEAST two effects on Texas' economy during the Civil War?
•Many citizens had to ration food and supplies due to shortages
•Some Texas women worked on farms and became nurses, teachers, or shopkeepers while some men were fighting
•Texas farmers began growing more corn and wheat to help feed soldiers, instead of cotton, which meant less money to help fund the war
•Factories were built in Texas to manufacture necessary war items like cannons, shoes, ammunition, and saddles
List the factors that contributed to the end of the open range
Barbed wire, windmills, and eventually railroads