Meningitis/encephalitis 1
Meningitis/encephalitis 1
Other infections
Visual system
Revision
100
Acute bacterial, acute aseptic, chronic
What are the three types of meningitis infections?
100
Headache, photophobia, stiff neck
What is the classic triad for meningitis?
100
A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy involving PRNP gene
What is prion disease
100
Rapid involuntary movements of the eye
What is nystagmus
100
The toes will fan upwards when a sharp object is run down the sole of the foot
What is positive Babinski's sign
200
Increased protein, decreased glucose, increased PMN cells in the CSF
What is the characteristic CSF finding for bacterial meningitis?
200
H influenza type b, Enterovirus, N meningitidis, S pneumoniae
What are the common causes of meningitis in kids i.e. HENS?
200
Antibodies to gangliosides
What is the cause of Guillian Barre syndrome
200
Three of the red flags for acute optic neuritis
What is (three of) painless visual loss, age >46, progression after 1 week, bilateral simultaneous visual loss, progression to NPL, lack of recovery over 4 weeks, iritis/viritis, retinal haemorrhage/exudates, normal MRI
200
Frequency principle and size principle
What are the two ways to control strength of a muscle contraction
300
Three steps in initial assessment of paediatric patient
What is paediatric triangle, primary survey, secondary survey
300
Tube 2 of the CSF collection
What is the tube that you use for microscopy and leukocyte differential in a CSF sample?
300
Also known as pork tape work, not endemic to Australia, develops in muscles of pigs/humans
What is taenia solium?
300
When you move a light between two eyes, the affected eye dilates
What is the test and sign of relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD)?
300
The tract that controls balance and upright posture including head/neck orientation
What is the vestibulospinal tract
400
The most common bacterial causes of meningitis in neonates
What are e coli and group b strep
400
The four most common identified causes of encephalitis
What is herpes simplex, herpes zoster, enteroviruses, arboviruses
400
The most common infectious trigger of Guillian Barre syndrome
What is campylobacter jejuni
400
Papilloedema, anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION), optic neuritis, hyaline bodies
What are causes of optic disc swelling?
400
No voluntary skilled movements but still have autonomic movements
What is the sign of a loss of the corticospinal tract?
500
Cingulate gyrus, medial temporal lobe, insular cortex affected
What is the characteristic FLAIR sequence findings of encephalitis caused by Herpes Simplex virus?
500
Normal glucose levels of CSF
What is normally 60-70% of plasma glucose
500
The three characteristics of Miller-Fisher syndrome
What is ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia
500
Rotate the head 45 degrees and tilt back, then move the head at 90 degree angles three times
What is the Epley manoeuvre
500
Intrafusal muscle spindle fibre
What is Ay motor nerve fibre
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