Intro to Stem Cells
Name one application of cultured stem cell research.
ID drug targets, test therapeutics, toxicity testing, tissues/cells for transplantation, study cell differentiation, transgenic mice.
Name two locations that adult stem cells have been identified in.
Brain
Bone marrow
Peripheral blood
Blood vessels
Skeletal muscle
Epithelia of the skin and digestive system Cornea
Dental pulp (tooth)
Retina
Liver
Pancreas
True or False: One pluripotent stem cell can grow into a colony of stem cells with the same genotype.
True
Name the kinase associated with the Akt Pathway.
PI3 Kinase
Name the special kind of proliferation that stem cells can undergo through replicating themselves by dividing into the same non-specialized cell type over long periods.
Self-Renewal
True or False: Adult stem cells are extremely common and easy to isolate.
False
Name the term that characterizes ESCs that is defined by "a single ESC can give rise to a colony of genetically identical cells."
Clonogenic
What ligand can be added to pluripotent stem cells to maintain pluripotency in serum-containing medium?
LIF
Name the three tissue sources of general stem cells (not pluripotent).
Embryo, Fetus, and Adult tissues
Name the two types of adult stem cells in the crypts of intestines.
+4 label-retaining stem cells (QSC) and crypt base columnar cells (CBCC/ASC)
Name two disadvantages of embryonic stem cells.
Extensive proliferation, Pluripotent, Will be rejected
The LIF ligand activates two different signaling arms, one leads the cells into differentiation and the other ultimately induces the transcription of pluripotency associated genes. Name the two monomeric receptors that make up the dimer of this pathway.
LIF receptor and gp130
Name three diseases that can potentially be cured by stem cell research.
Stroke, ALS, heart disease, spinal chord injury, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, MS, liver disease, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's
Name three of the signaling molecules responsible for cell differentiation as you move away from the base of the crypt into the villi.
Wnt, BMP, PTEN, Ihh, Notch, Noggin Gremlin
Name the four types of pluripotent stem cells.
Embryonic germ cells, Embryonic stem cells, Embryonic carcinoma cells, iPS cells
For Wnt signaling, name the beta-catenin cofactor in the nucleus.
TCF