Inducer?
I barely know 'er!
I barely know 'er!
To be considered a neural inducer, a protein must be expressed in this region of the developing amphibian embryo
The dorsal lip of the blastopore
Potential neural progenitor cells in the neurogenic region of the embryo express high levels of this proneural gene
Asc (achaete-scute)
The neural tube contains four major vesicles, which gives rise to which four regions?
Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain, and Spinal Cord
This gene is expressed in the notochord and floorplate, and induces neural tissue to adopt ventral neuronal characteristics
Shh (sonic hedgehog)
These cells can give rise to intermediate progenitor cells, neurons, astrocytes, and/or oligodendrocytes.
Neural stem cell
This structure is the mammal equivalent of the dorsal lip of the blastopore
Hensen's node
This broad gene family mediates anterior-posterior patterning in vertebrates
Hox genes
This structure is comprised of nonneural tissue, but is critical for development of the neural plate
Notochord
During patterning, Wnt signaling must be inhibited to produce what kind of neural tissue?
Anterior neural tissue
These cells provide "tracks" for developing excitatory neurons as they migrate towards the cortex
Radial Glial Cells
The inducers Noggin, Chordin, and Follistatin act as inhibitors for which type of receptor?
BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins)
(part of TGFb receptor family)
This protein, secreted by granule cells in the cerebellum, can act as a stop signal during development
Reelin
The neural tube gives rise to this future division of the nervous system
Central Nervous System
A cell expressing high levels of Asc activate what receptor on neighboring cells? What effect does activation of this receptor have on those neighboring cells?
Cells expressing high levels of Asc release Delta, which activates Notch receptors on adjacent cells, preventing them from adopting a neural fate
Inhibitory interneurons follow what pattern of migration?
Tangential Migration
Transplanting the Spemann-Mangold organizer into a new embryo early in gastrulation would have what effect on the developing animal?
The animal would develop a secondary body axis
Mutations in Wnt1 and En1 cause defects in which region?
Midbrain, hindbrain, and cerebellum
This refers to the process where the ectoderm develops into the neural plate and eventually becomes the neural tube
Neurulation
In mammals, blockage of the BMP signaling pathway and _________ are required for the induction of neural tissue
activation of the FGF signaling pathway
Neural progenitor cells originate from this region of the neural tube
The ventricular zone
Embryonic animal caps treated with BMP 4 would form what cell type?
Epidermal
True or false: Otx2 and Gbx2 are both expressed in the same region of the developing midbrain.
very false
The dorsal part of the ectoderm that pinches off and lies parallel to the neural tube, giving rise to the PNS
The neural crest
What is the consequence of RA receptor knockout in a developing tadpole?
The tail end (posterior end) has stunted development
What is a somite?
A segmented structure that gives rise to the vertebral column