Cell structure
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is ecology/ecologist?
Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment, and ecologist is a scientist who studies ecology.
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?
DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
What is the claim regarding the importance of cell structures?
Cell structures are essential for the survival and function of cells.
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
All living things are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.
What is an ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (biotic factors) interacting with their physical
environment (abiotic factors)
What is the difference between chromosomes and chromatin?
Chromatin is the loosely packed form of DNA found during interphase, while chromosomes are the tightly condensed form of DNA seen during mitosis.
What evidence supports the claim that cell structures are essential for the survival and function of cells?
Fact that the absence or malfunction of key cell structures leads to cell death or impaired function. For example, mitochondrial diseases disrupt energy production, and defects in the cell membrane can impair transport of essential molecules.
Name three organelles found in animal cells and their functions.
Mitochondria (energy production), ribosomes (protein synthesis), and the cell membrane (controls what enters and exits the cell)
What is a solute, solvent, and solution?
A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to create a solution. A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute. A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent.
Name the four types of symbiotic relationships.
Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and competition.
Briefly describe what happens during interphase.
Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.
What evidence supports the claim that cell structures are essential for the survival and function of cells?
Fact that the absence or malfunction of key cell structures leads to cell death or impaired function. For example, mitochondrial diseases disrupt energy production, and defects in the cell membrane can impair transport of essential molecules.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or out of the cell.
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.
What is predation?
Predation is a relationship where one organism (the predator) kills and consumes another organism (the prey)
List the phases of mitosis and briefly describe what happens during each phase.
Prophase (chromosomes condense), metaphase (chromosomes align in the middle of the cell), anaphase (sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles), and telophase (chromosomes decondense, and nuclear envelopes reform)
Explain the reasoning that connects the evidence to the claim that cell structures are essential for the survival and function of cells.
Each cell structure has a specific function that contributes to the overall survival and function of the cell. If a structure is missing or malfunctioning, the cell cannot perform its necessary functions, leading to impaired function or death. This demonstrates the essential role of these structures.
How does a plant cell differ from an animal cell in terms of structures?
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, which are not found in animal cells.
What is dynamic equilibrium, and how does it relate to homeostasis?
Dynamic equilibrium is a state of balance where continuous change occurs but overall conditions remain relatively stable. In homeostasis, the body maintains a stable internal environment through dynamic equilibrium by constantly adjusting to internal and external changes.
What is biodiversity, and why is it important?
Biodiversity is the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem. It is important because it provides ecosystem services, such as pollination, clean air and water, and resilience to environmental changes
Explain the significance of the surface area to volume ratio in cell division and how it influences cell size and function.
The surface area to volume ratio affects the cell's ability to exchange materials with its environment. As a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area, making it more difficult for the cell to efficiently transport nutrients and waste. This limits cell size and promotes cell division to maintain an optimal surface area to volume ratio.
Explain the reasoning that connects the evidence to the claim that cell structures are essential for the survival and function of cells.
Each cell structure has a specific function that contributes to the overall survival and function of the cell. If a structure is missing or malfunctioning, the cell cannot perform its necessary functions, leading to impaired function or death. This demonstrates the essential role of these structures.