ELS(EASY)

UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM

1

What is the relationship between the age of the Universe and the abundance of hydrogen, helium, and lithium?

A) The older the Universe, the higher the abundance of these elements.

B) The age of the Universe is not related to the abundance of these elements.

C) The younger the Universe, the higher the abundance of these elements.

D) There is no relationship between the age of the Universe and the abundance of elements.

The younger the Universe, the higher the abundance of these elements.

1

. According to the Protoplanet Hypothesis the formation of our solar system involves a rotating disk of gas and dust surrounding a newly forming proto-Sun. What happens to the materials surrounding the proto-Sun as it forms?

A. They merge into the Sun’s core, becoming part of it.

B. They are expelled into space, leaving only the Sun behind.

C. They cool and create a solid shell around the proto-Sun.

D. They collide and merge to form larger bodies, eventually creating the planets.

They collide and merge to form larger bodies, eventually creating the planets.

1

The hypothesis proposing that the universe has existed infinitely without any beginning is known as:

A) Big Bang Theory

B) Multiverse Theory

C) Steady State Theory

D) Cosmic Inflation Theory

C) Steady State Theory

1

Why are other hypotheses about the origin of the universe not as strong as the Big Bang theory?

a)They are based on outdated scientific knowledge.

b) They are not supported by observable evidence.

c) They cannot be tested or proven with current technology.

d) They contradict known laws of physics.

c) They cannot be tested or proven with current technology.

1

What is the Doppler effect?

A) The expansion of the Universe

B) The bending of light in a gravitational field

C) The stretching or compressing of wavelengths due to motion

D) The creation of cosmic microwave background radiation

C) The stretching or compressing of wavelengths due to motion

EARTH AND SUBSYTEM

1

Which distinct characteristic made Earth different from any other planet? 

A. It is the only rocky planet.  

 B. It is the only planet that turns around in space.

 C. It is the only planet that has a large amount of liquid water.

D. It is the only planet that changes its structure  

C. It is the only planet that has a large amount of liquid water.

1

//14.

Planet A is 149.6 million km from its own star (Sun’s size) with a 100 mile thick

atmosphere made up of 77%N, 21%O2 and 1%Ar,                     

 while

 Planet B is 227 million km from

its sun with a 1 mile thick atmosphere made up of 50%N, 15%O2 and 35% CO2.

Which of

the two is habitable?

a. Planet A             b. Planet B

 c. Both A&B          d. None of the above

a. Planet A  

1

For many, Earth is different from other planets. Why do you think so?

A. Earth is mostly covered in water. 

B. Earth has comfortable distance from the sun. 

C. Earth has carbon dioxide on its atmosphere.

D. It has approximately same size as that of Venus.

B. Earth has comfortable distance from the sun. 

1

All of earth’s cycles and spheres are interconnected. Why is this so? A. because they are interconnected 

B. because Earth is where we live in

 C. because Earth is the only living planet 

D. because every organism has its own function in the Earth

D. because every organism has its own function in the Earth

• The interconnectedness of Earth's spheres (biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere) is partly due to the functions of organisms and the interactions of physical processes. Organisms, water, air, and rocks all interact, influencing cycles like the carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles, as well as energy flow.

1

Which is not true in a comparison between Mars and Earth?

 A. It has life mechanism.  

B. It has water and atmosphere. 

C. It has carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 

D. It has atmosphere that supports oxygen.

A. It has life mechanism.  

EARTH MATERIALS

1

//3.Which of the following is the reason why inner core is solid while outer core is liquid given

that both parts have the same chemical composition?

a. Inner core experiences higher pressure which raises the melting point of iron and nickel

b. Inner core experiences lower pressure which raises the melting point of iron and nickel

c. Inner core experiences higher temperature than the outer core

nitrogen

1

 Gabriel tested a physical property of a mineral. He rubbed a mineral sample on a piece

of white tile. The mineral left a red mark on the tile. Which of the following properties of

the mineral was Gabriel most likely testing?

a.cleavage       b. hardness 

c. luster          d. streak 

d. streak

1

What is the protolith of marble?

A. Limestone          B. Sandstone          

 C. Schist                 D. Shale

A. Limestone

1

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral?

  A. crystal structure   C. organic   B. naturally occurring  D. solid  

C. organic

1

Which refers to a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite   crystalline structure   and chemical composition? 

A. compound    C. mineral       B. crystal               D. rocks

mineral

EARTH'S PROCESS

1

// Which process is not involved in the formation of sediments?

a. cooling

b. deposition

c. transportation

d. weathering

cooling

1

 What type of force would cause the earth’s crust to become thinner?

A. Tension    C. shearing

B. parallel    D. Compression

A. Tension

1

What statement is NOT correct about dissolution?

 A. It happens when elements react with atmospheric oxygen.

 B. Rocks and minerals dissolve rapidly when water is either acidic or basic.

 C. Limestone composed of calcite is weathered and develops caves through time. 

D. The crystal of halite dissolves rapidly and completely in water to form a solution.

A. It happens when elements react with atmospheric oxygen.

• This statement is incorrect because dissolution refers specifically to the process where a solid (like a mineral) dissolves in a liquid (such as water). While elements can react with oxygen (as in oxidation), this is not the same as dissolution.

B. Rocks and minerals dissolve rapidly when water is either acidic or basic.

• This statement is correct. Acidic water can enhance dissolution, especially for minerals like calcite in limestone. Basic conditions can also affect the solubility of some minerals, leading to faster dissolution.

C. Limestone composed of calcite is weathered and develops caves through time.

• This statement is correct. Limestone, primarily made of calcite, is subject to chemical weathering, particularly in acidic conditions, which can lead to the formation of caves over long periods.

D. The crystal of halite dissolves rapidly and completely in water to form a solution.

• This statement is correct. Halite (rock salt) is highly soluble in water, and when it dissolves, it breaks down into sodium and chloride ions, forming a saline solution.

1

What process by which heat is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or between adjoining regions, without movement of the material?

 A. conduction B. convection C. insolation D. radiation

 conduction

1

How does the mantle behave as a viscous fluid on a geological time scale? A. altitude B. pressure C. radiation D. temperature

D. temperature

"Viscous" refers to the property of a fluid that resists flow. A viscous fluid flows slowly and thickly, like honey or molasses, compared to low-viscosity fluids like water, which flow easily. In the context of geology, the term describes how materials like rock in the Earth's mantle can flow very slowly over long periods due to heat and pressure, despite being solid on shorter time scales. 

The mantle behaves as a viscous fluid on a geological time scale due to temperature (D). Over long periods of time, the high temperatures within the Earth's mantle allow solid rock to flow slowly, similar to how a very viscous fluid behaves. This plasticity enables convection currents, which drive plate tectonics and other geological processes.

ENDOGENOUS/EXOGNEOUS

1

When heat and pressure are applied to a sedimentary rock, it changes into ____

a. intrusive igneous rock

c. extrusive igneous rock

b. metamorphic rock

 d. magma

metamorphic rock

1

//You have two rocks: a large boulder and several small pebbles. You notice that over time, the small pebbles seem to break down and get worn away much faster than the large boulder. Why do the smaller rocks weather more quickly?

A)Smaller rocks weather more quickly because they are softer and less durable than larger rocks.

B) Smaller rocks weather faster because they have a larger surface area compared to their volume, allowing more exposure to weathering forces.

C) Smaller rocks weather faster because they absorb more sunlight, causing them to break down faster than larger rocks.

D) Smaller rocks weather more quickly because they are closer to the ground, where weathering happens faster.

A)Smaller rocks weather more quickly because they are softer and less durable than larger rocks.

1

During partial melting of magma, where does decompression melting take place? 

A. convergent boundary     B. mid-ocean ridge

C. subduction zone            D. all of the above

  B. mid-ocean ridge

1

During partial melting of magma, where does heat transfer take place?

 A. convergent boundary 

B. mid-ocean ridge 

C. subduction zone 

D. all of the above

all of the above

heat transfer during partial melting of magma can occur at:

• Convergent boundaries where tectonic plates collide, causing one plate to subduct beneath the other, leading to melting due to increased pressure and temperature.
• Mid-ocean ridges where plates are pulling apart, allowing magma to rise and partially melt due to decompression.
• Subduction zones where the subducted plate melts due to the intense heat and pressure as it descends into the mantle.

Thus, heat transfer and partial melting can occur in all these tectonic settings.

1

Which of the following is not associated with convergent plate movement/margin?

 A. deep-focus earthquake  B. trench 

C. valley                           D. volcanic Arc

C. valley