Earth Science (Landforms, Slow and Rapid Changes)
MELTS
Circuits
Light
Grab Bag
100
Name 3 RAPID of FAST changes to Earth's Surface:
1.
2.
3.
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Landslides/Mudslides/Rockslides/Avalanches
Tsunamis/Hurricanes
100
__________ energy does not require electricity to move objects.
Mechanical energy
100
A circuit has a battery and wires that connect the battery to ONE load.
This would be considered a closed circuit and also could be called a ___________ circuit.
Simple circuit: only one load
Complete circuit
100
__________ causes an item to appear bent or broken as light travels from one medium to another.
Refraction
100
Name 2 thermal conductors.
Name 2 thermal insulators.
Thermal conductors: metal, glass
Thermal insulators: cloth, plastic, rubber, wood
200
Which soil type has large particle size, does NOT hold water well, is light in color AND is not very good for growing plants?
Which soil type has teeny particle size, holds water TOO well, and is packed too tightly for most plant roots to push through?
Sand/gravel
Clay
200
Mechanical energy is the energy of _____________.
What is.......
motion?
200
A series circuit has only one _______.
Path through which the electricity can flow.
200
A mirror shows us an example of light being ___________, or in other words ________. This is how we are able to see ourselves on shiny, smooth surfaces.
Reflected, or bounced
200
What energy transformation would be observed when using a hair dryer?
A hair dryer converts electrical energy into thermal & mechanical energy
300
Explain the difference between weathering, erosion, and deposition.
Weathering is the breaking down of rock into sediment.
Erosion is the carrying of sediment from one place to another.
Deposition is the dropping off of sediment into a new location.
300
Which of the following does not require Mechanical Energy to perform its main function:
pen, hammer, screw driver, coffee maker, pencil sharpener
A coffee maker
300
In a _________ circuit, when one load stops working, the other CAN continue to work.
This is because there is more than one _________________ for the electricity to flow.
Parallel circuit
Path or pathway
300
The following would be examples of what? 
What is refraction or the bending of light?
300
If there are any ___________ included in a circuit (such as glass, plastic, or wood), then the circuit would be considered "open" and electricity will not flow.
What are insulators?
400
How are v-shaped valleys formed?
How are u-shaped valleys formed?
V-shaped valleys are formed by riVers.
U-shaped valleys are formed by glaciers.
400
Explain the energy transformation or change for the following:
3. Rubbing sticks together to make a fire
What is......
mechanical energy to thermal & light energy?
400
A working circuit should contain a load (the light bulb or buzzer), power source (battery or wall outlet), a switch (sometimes) and ___________.
What are wires? (conductors)
400
Cameras, eyeglasses,microscopes, telescopes, hands lens, contact lenses, binoculars, video cameras are all __________ that ________ light.
What are lenses that refract or bend light?
400
Name one way sound and light energy are alike.
Name one way they are different.
Sound and light BOTH travel in waves and can bounce off of some surfaces, sometimes they can be absorbed, both are energies, etc. Both can be used to see, light to illuminate and echolocation for navigation, etc.
Sound MUST travel through a medium, but light does NOT have to travel through medium. Light is visible, but sound is not visible (at least not always), etc.
500
How is a delta formed?
How are sand dunes formed?
A delta is formed by the depositing of sediment where a river meets the ocean.
Sand dunes are formed by the wind carrying sand and depositing it where it stacks up in piles.
500
Explain the energy conversion or change for each item:
1. Blender
2. Television
What is.....
1. Blender: Electrical to mechanical
2. Television: Electrical to light & sound
500
Landry built a circuit with conductive wires and is hoping to make a three buzzers sound at the same time. She bought the most conductive wire that the offered at the store and bought three brand new buzzers. She tested each buzzer before starting and they all worked. She connected each buzzer with the wire so the electrons could flow in a complete circuit, with no openings and no insulators! She double checked that the switch was connected properly and closed so the circuit should be on. The buzzer is not making any noise. What should she check next?
No mention of a power source. Battery, wall outlet, etc.
500
Refraction or the bending of light occurs because the speed of light decreases as it passes from one _____________ into another.
The speed of light decreases as it passes from one medium into another.
500
Name 2 items that could be used to complete a circuit, if you didn't have any wires: ______ & _____
Name 2 items that COULD NOT BE USED to complete a circuit, because they DO NOT CONDUCT electricity like a wire does: ____________ & _____________
Conductors that could complete a circuit: paper clips, foil, nails, safety pins, pipe cleaners, copper, aluminum, gold, etc.
Insulators that could NOT complete the circuit: rubber bands, Q-tips, yarn, plastic, popsicle sticks, etc.