Adrenergic Receptors
Primary effect-- vasoconstriction
Alpha 1
What potentially deleterious effect may be potentiated by opioid administration?
Respiratory depression
When the amount of acid in the body is increased, the pH will __________.
Decrease
Normal saline is considered this type of IV fluid (be specific)
Isotonic crystalloid
Drugs in this class block sodium channels on cardiac myocytes.
Class I
Stimulation of this receptor will increase the heart rate and force of contraction.
Beta 1
The administration of Ketamine may cause what change in vital signs?
Increased blood pressure (slightly increased HR)
This is the primary buffer system of the body:
Bicarbonate buffer system
The administration of a hypotonic IV solution will cause fluid to move where?
Into the cells and third space
The administration of a drug in this class will prolong the effective refractory period of non-nodal cells. This prolongation occurs during phase III.
Stimulation of this receptor will trigger insulin release from the pancreas.
Beta 2
Which synthetic opiate may be considered safer to administer to a patient who is relatively hypotensive?
Fentanyl
Explain how respiratory depression may lower the blood pH.
Come to the board and draw an example of osmosis.
see board...
What class drug will prolong phase 0 of nodal cells?
Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers
Stimulation of beta 2 receptors causes what effect in large coronary arteries?
vasodilation
Medications which increase the binding of Gamma-aminobutyric acid often elicit what effect?
CNS depression
You are ventilating an intubated patient. His ETCO2 is 14. How may correct this?
Bag slower
This type of IV fluid may be considered in the hospital setting to treat increased ICP.
Q. What type of solution, and why?
Hypertonic solution
Pulls fluid into the intravascular space
Come to the board... Draw a complete cardiac cycle of non-nodal cells. Label each phase and what event is occurring during each.
See board...
Considering the effects of adrenergic receptors; what type of antagonist medication may be beneficial in the treatment of tachycardia?
Beta blockers
Explain the difference between depolarizing and non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents
Too much to type....
Describe the process of Hydrogen elimination from the body using the bicarbonate buffer system
H+ <--> HCO3-
H2CO2
Carbonic Anhydrase
H2O <--> CO2
What argument may be made against the administration of Normal Saline? Lactated Ringers? (What preexisting condition may each worsen?
LR- Hyperkalemia
Come to the board... Draw a complete cardiac cycle of nodal cells. Label each phase and what event is occurring during each.
See board...