CHAPTER 5
what are grass eaters?
officers who accept payoffs that typical police work brings their way
what does the 4th amendment protect against?
searches and seizures
how many roles does a judge have?
three
what is bail?
an amount of money to be paid as a condition of pretrial release
how many goals of punishment are there?
4
what are meat eaters?
officers who actively use their power for personal gain
how MANY searches DON't need a warrant?
6
who brings charges against someone?
prosecutor
what happens during arraignment?
the formal charges are read to the defendant
what ARE the goals of punishment?
retribution, sentencing, incapacitation and deterrence
how are officers held accountable?
Internal Affairs Unit, Civillian Review Boards,
what is the Miranda Rights?
what is the courtroom workgroup? and what does it do?
consists of judge, prosecutor and defense attorney. who work together can smoothly and efficently handle cases through cooperative plea bargaining processes
about how many cases go to TRIAL?
around 9%
what are the three types of sentences used in the US during imprisonment?
determinate, indeterminate and mandatory sentences
what is problem oriented policing?
proactive approach to policing that focuses on general problems and patterns rather than indiviudal incidents, root of cause in community, creating tailored solutions to the problems
NAME the searches that can happen without a warrant
car searches, stop and frisk, search incident to lawful arrest, consent, exigent circumstances, special needs beyond law enforcement
what are the three methods for providing attorneys to represent indigient defendants?
assigned counsel, contract counsel and public defenders
how many jurors are in a felony trial case
12
what is indeterminate sentence?
a period of time set by the judge that specfies the minimum and maximum time to be served in prison. sometime after the minimum the offender may be eligible for parole
What came from Tennesse v Garner (1985)
abolished the "fleeing felon" rule. probable cause to believe person will cause death or physical injury to officers or other people
what amendment AND what case are associated with Miranda Rights?
5th amendment and Miranda v Arizona (1966)
how are judges selected? both federal and state judges
federal- appointed by President and confirmed by US Senate
State- various methods such as partsian elections, nonpartian elections, merit selection, legislative selection and gubernatorial appointments
what are the stages of a criminal trial?
jury selection, opening statements, presentation of prosecution evidence, presentation of defense evidence , presentation of rebuttal witnesses, closing arguments, judge's jury instructions and jury's decison
what are the four factors thought to influence the sentencing behavior of judges?
the attitude and values of judges, the presentence report and sentencing guidelines