Parts of the Respiratory System
This is known as the throat
Pharynx
Inflammation that cause pain in the forehead, upper jaw and teeth, between the eyes, and ear and neck is?
Sinusitis
Absence of breathing
Apnea
Tests done to confirm TB?
Suspected with a positive chest x-ray
Confirmed with a Sputum culture
Quantiferon-tb Gold blood test
What instructions should you give a patient prior to a Bronchoscopy?
NPO for 4-8 hours before the test to reduce the risk of aspiration.
Stop anticoagulant and aspirin therapy
Good mouth care
Remove dentures
Where are the vocal cords located
Larynx
Other name for Hay Fever?
Bonus if you can name medications to treat this.
Allergic Rhinitis
Antihistamines: Allegra, Zyrtec, Claritin, Sudafed, Flonase, or Singulair.
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing causing shortness of breath
Used to measure the degree of airflow obstruction as in with Asthma?
Peak flow meters and spirometry
Patients with emphysema expend energy to exhale air for the lungs. What instructions would you give them?
Eat a high-calorie, high-fluid diet
Use purse lipped breathing
Stop smoking
Parts of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose, pharynx, and larynx
Emphysema is what type of disease?
COPD
Hypercapnia
Bonus: Tell me what causes hypercapnia.
Greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood
Hypoventilation
Tests to confirm Pneumonia?
Bonus: Tell me why a WBC count is done
Chest x-ray, Sputum C&S, and WBC
Done to determine if viral or bacterial
Elevated WBC is bacterial
Normal WBC is viral
In what position should a patient be in for Spirometry testing?
Seated with chin elevated
Loosen tight clothing
Parts of the Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea, Bronchi/bronchial tubes, and lungs
Pathogens that cause pneumonia are?
Bonus if you can name at least one pathogen for each.
Bacteria- Strep, Staph, Mycobacteria, Haemophilus Influenzae
Virus- Influenza Virus
Fungi- Aspergillus, Candida albicans, Mycoplasma
Parasite- Pneumocytis jiroveci
Hypoxemia
Low level of oxygen in the blood
Patient instructions to obtain a Sputum Culture are?
Obtain first thing in the morning
Take a deep breath and cough deeply and forcefully
At least 1 teaspoon should be collected in a sterile cup
Risk factors for Sleep Apnea are?
Obesity (fat or thick neck)
enlarged tonsils or adenoids
male gender
family hx
Alcohol or sedative use because these can relax throat muscles
Where gas exchange occurs?
Between the membranes of the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries
Disorder where triggers cause both inflammation and bronchospasm, with resultant air-flow obstruction.
Asthma
The hair like structures that filter the respiratory tract?
Cilia
Pre-test instructions for Spirometry?
No large meals 2 hours prior to test
No smoking 1 hour prior to test
No using bronchodilators or nebulizers prior to test
Shake vigorously for 5 seconds
breathe out normally
Place mouthpiece between teeth and close lips
Press down the top of the canister and breath in deeply
Hold this for 5-10 seconds
Breathe out