Frontier Wars
What treaty in 1867 forced Plains Indians onto reservations in Indian Territory?
Medicine Lodge Treaty
What Kiowa leader attacked a wagon train near Salt Creek?
Satanta
What type of cattle developed from Spanish and European cattle in Texas?
Texas Longhorn
What was the main job of cowboys on cattle drives?
Move and supervise cattle
What railroad built in 1869 connected the east and west coasts of the United States?
Transcontinental Railroad
Why did settlers moving west create conflict with Plains Indians?
They moved onto Native lands.
What war from 1874–1875 forced Plains Indians onto reservations?
Red River Wars
Why did Texas ranchers begin driving cattle north after the Civil War?
High demand for beef in the Northeast
How long did most cattle drives take?
2-3 Months
Which two immigrant groups built much of the Transcontinental Railroad?
Chinese and Irish immigrants
What major food source for Plains Indians was destroyed by hunters encouraged by the U.S. government?
Buffalo
Who was the Comanche leader involved in resistance during the Red River War?
Quanah Parker
What were the long routes used to drive cattle north called?
Cattle trails
Name one danger cowboys faced on cattle drives.
Stampedes, weather, or long travel
What economic system grew as railroads expanded and businesses competed for profit?
Free enterprise
What canyon battle helped end Native resistance in the Texas Panhandle?
Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
What soldiers were stationed along the Texas border to protect settlers and stagecoaches?
Buffalo Soldiers
Name one major cattle trail used to move cattle north.
Chisholm Trail, Shawnee Trail, Western Trail, or Goodnight-Loving Trail
Why did the cowboy era begin to end in the late 1800s?
Railroads transported cattle faster and cheaper.
What reform group did farmers join to fight unfair railroad rates?
The Grange
What event ended nearly 300 years of conflict between Texas settlers and Native Americans?
The Mexican army killing Victorio
Why were Buffalo Soldiers respected by Native Americans?
Their bravery and fighting spirit (and hair resembling buffalo)
What invention by Joseph Glidden caused range wars between farmers and ranchers?
Barbed wire
Why did farmers dislike cattle drives crossing their land?
Cattle damaged crops and farmland.
What commission was created to regulate railroad companies in Texas?
Texas Railroad Commission