Defining Intelligence
This approach to cognitive development is the basis for the wide variety of intelligence tests available for assessing children’s mental abilities.
What is Psychometric?
This intelligence test was designed for individuals from age 2 – adulthood; it measures general intelligence and 5 intellectual factors – fluid reasoning, quantitative reasoning, knowledge, visual-spatial reasoning, and working memory
What is the Stanford – Binet Intelligence Scale?
The fear of being judged on the basis of a negative stereotype can anxiety that interferes with performance in both children and adults. What is the name for this?
What is stereotype threat?
The nativist perspective in language development is akin to the ______ perspective of child development, which asserts development is based on biological structures that humans are born.
What is the nature perspective?
Grammar consists of __________, the rules by which words are arranged, and ___________, markers that vary word meaning
Syntax; morphology
The child attending to the same event as the caregiver is known as ________.
What is joint attention?
To discover whether intelligence is a single trait or an assortment of abilities, researchers used a complicated correlational procedure known as…
What is factor analysis?
This test is widely used for 6 – 16 year olds; it includes 4 broad intellectual factors: verbal reasoning, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – IV (WISC-IV)
This program, begun by the U.S. federal government in 1965, is the most extensive of the early intervention programs; goal was to address learning problems early, before formal schooling begins, to offset the declines in IQ and achievement common among low-SES children
What is Project Head Start?
According to the behaviorist view, ______ and __________ contribute to early language development.
What is reinforcement and imitation?
In language development, children’s _____, the language they understand, develops ahead of _______, the language they use.
Comprehension; production
Games such as pat-a-cake and peek-a-boo provide practice in give and take or turn taking patterns, which are vital for acquiring language and _______________.
What are conversational skills?
Skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgment, and mastery of social customs – abilities acquired because they are valued by the individual’s culture
What is crystallized intelligence?
These tests assess an individual’s potential to learn a specialized activity, such as mechanical skills, musical skills, or school tasks
What are aptitude tests?
This is the ability to produce work that is original yet appropriate – something that others have not thought of, but that is useful in some way.
What is creativity?
This perspective asserts that language development results from exchanges between inner capacities and environmental influences.
What is the Interactionalist Perspective?
Most toddlers use a _______ as their vocabularies consist of mainly words that refer to objects.
What is referential style?
Describe two components of infant-directed speech
Short sentences, high-pitched exaggerated, clear pronunciation, distinct pauses between speech segments,clear gestures to support verbal meaning, Repetition of new words in a variety of contexts
Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of successful intellignece identifies 3 broad, interacting intelligences, which are…
What are analytical, creative, and practical?
In order to make computing an intelligence quotient (IQ) (which indicates the extent to which the raw score deviates from the typical performance of same-age individuals), test designers engage in ______, which is giving the test to a large, representative sample of individuals.
What is standardization?
This is the standard definition of giftedness based on intelligence test performance.
What are IQ scores above 130?
This area of the brain supports grammatical processing and language production.
What is the Broca’s area?
Phrases such as “go home” or “doggy bark”, which focus on high-content words to the exclusion of less important words are called ______ speech.
What is telegraphic speech?
Infant pointing leads to communicative gestures. These gestures, in which the baby points to, touches, or hold up an object while looking at a parent to make sure he/she notices, help infants communicate.
What are protodeclarative?
Howard Gardner dismisses the idea of general intelligence. His theory of multiple intelligences proposes at least 8 independent intelligences, which are… (name 4 to get the points)!
What are: linguistic, logico-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist?
Longitudinal research reveals that the IQ scores of most children fluctuates between about this many points during childhood and adolescence
Scores fluctuate 10 to 20 points
This type of thinking is when multiple or unusual possibilities are generated when faced with a task or problem.
What is divergent thinking?
The __________ is described as an innate system that permits children to combine words into grammatically consistent, novel utterances, and to understand the meanings of the words they understand.
What is the language acquisition device (LAD)?
This is the ability to think of language as a system. This ability develops in middle childhood as cognition advances.
What is metalinguistic awareness?
What is the difference between cooing and babbling?
•Cooing refers to the use of vowel sounds.
•Babbling adds consonant-vowel combinations.