Alteration of Generations
The organism in which the alteration of generations process first evolved in.
What is algae?
The more primitive seed-bearing plants, whose name means "naked seed".
What are gymnosperms?
The only phylum of flowering plants that is second to insects in term of diversity, and can survive in more habitats than gymnosperms.
What are angiosperms?
The aboveground portion of plants that has evolved to take advantage of the air environment and resources of CO2 and sunlight while mitigating the effects of water loss.
What is the shoot system (which grows tall in order to support more leaves with access to as much sunlight as possible)?
The reproductive structure of an angiosperm which develops from the ovary and accessory tissue which surrounds and protects the seed. Composed of the endocarp, mesocarp, and exocarp (in order from most deep to most superficial).
What is a fruit (whose function is to protect the developing seed and aid in the dispersal of the seed)?
Meiosis has this change, while mitosis does not.
What is change in ploidy?
The four main phyla of gymnosperms.
What are coniferophyta, gingkophyta, cycadophyta, and gnetophyta?
The two groups that angiosperms are divided into.
What are monocots (one cotyledon) and eudicots (two cotyledons)?
A modified root used for storing food, most commonly found in the form of carbohydrates i.e. potatoes.
What a mature seed consists of.
A dormant embryonic plant and endosperm.
The 2 distinct life stages of plants, their ploidy, and what each produces.
What is the haploid (sexual) gametophyte generation that produces egg and sperm, and the diploid (asexual) sporophyte generation that produces spores?
Produces pollen grains within gymnosperms.
What is microsporangium?
Specialized reproductive structures contains both male and female parts, ensures pollination in flowering plants, and protects the developing embryo.
What are flowers?
Monocots have a _________ root system that is highly branched with individual roots that are relatively long and thin. Most Dicot plants have a ______ root consisting of a large centralized portion growing straight down with lateral roots that branch off the main root for example a carrot.
What is fibrous and tap?
How fruits are classified.
What is, based on the characteristics of the mature ovary tissue and the process of it splitting open at maturity?
The male and female reproductive organs of the non-vascular plants (liverworts, hornworts, and mosses).
What is the antheridia and archegonia?
The functions of each, male and female cones.
What is, the male cones produce pollen grains that turn into sperm once inside a female cone, while the female cones contain ovules that produces an egg?
Produced when one of the two sperm (from a male gametophyte) unites with two haploid polar cells of the female gametophyte. This structure is the food source for the developing sporophyte embryo.
What is a triploid (3N) endosperm?
What is the radicle (embryonic root), hypocotyl (embryonic shoot), and the cotyledons (first leaves)?
Simple fleshy, simple dry, simple dehiscent, simple indehiscent, aggregate, and multiple.
What are the different types of fruits?
The sporophyte remains attached to the parent ___________ until the ______ disperse and __________ to produce gametophytes, which leads to the production of another sporophyte generation.
What is, gametophyte, spores, and germinate?
Mature ovules within gymnosperms have the megaspore divide to form the haploid _____________ (female gametophyte), which accumulates nutrients before fertilization and nourishes the developing embryo after fertilization.
What is a megagametophyte?
What are the structures of the pistil (female reproductive structure of angiosperms) in order from top to bottom?
What is the stigma, style, and ovaries (with ovules).
The two types of tissues within the vascular system of plants that runs from the roots up the stems to the branches and leaves.
What is Xylem (which includes dead cells that form tubes to transport water and minerals from the roots up) and Phloem (which consists of living cells and distributes sugars from photosynthesis in the leaves downward to all parts of the plant)?
The various ways in which seeds may be dispersed.
What is, by wind, by animals, by bursting, or by water?