Upper vs. Lower Motor Neurons
What division of the nervous system are the Upper Motor Neurons located and in what specific structure?
The Central Nervous System in the cerebral cortex.
(Ch 1 and 2 PowerPoint, Slide 25)
Cranial Nerve 1 is a sensory nerve responsible for?
Perception of smell
(Bhatnager, pg.80)
Which cranial nerves are located in the midbrain?
Cranial Nerve 3 (Occulomotor) and Cranial Nerve 4 (Troclear)
(Ch 1 and 2 PowerPoint, Slide 92)
Which cranial nerves are located in the pons within the brainstem?
Cranial Nerve 5 (Trigeminal), Cranial Nerve 6 (Abducens), and Cranial Nerve 7 (Facial)
(Ch 1 and 2 PowerPoint, Slide 92)
Which cranial nerves are located in the medulla oblongata within the brainstem?
Cranial Nerve 9 (Glossopharyngeal), Cranial Nerve 10 (Vagus), Cranial Nerve 11 (Accessory), and Cranial Nerve 12 (Hypoglossal).
(Ch 1 and 2 PowerPoint, Slide 92).
When Upper Motor Neurons leave this structure they become Lower Motor Neurons.
Brainstem
(Discussion Note from Ch 1 and 2 PowerPoint, SLide 24).
Cranial Nerve 2 is concerned with visual sensation and both nerves unite at what location?
The optic chiasm
(Bhatnager, pg. 81)
Along with the Optic and Abducens nerve, what do the Oculomotor and Trochlear nerves support?
Vision, visual processing, and reading
(CDS 530 Study Tool, Cranial Nerves Overview.)
Which nerve located in the pons, if damaged, would result in facial sensory loss and jaw paralysis?
The Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5)
(Bhatnager, pg. 81)
Of which Cranial Nerves located in the medulla, which one(s) support motor speech?
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Somatosensory information from tongue, tonsil, pharynx; controls some muscles used in swallowing) and the Hypoglossal Nerve (Controls muscles of tongue)
(Bhatnager, Pg. 82)
A lower motor neuron lesion involving the facial nerve results in which neurological disorder?
Bell's Palsy
(Discussion Note of Ch 1 and 2 PowerPoint, Slide 25).
The optic nerve (CN 2) sends messages from the retina to what cortex/lobe in the brain
The visual cortex in the occipital lobe
(Bhatnager, pg. 80).
Motor nuclei
(Bhatnager, Pg. 368).
In addition to the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve, which CN in the pons contributes to taste sensation?
Cranial Nerve 7, Facial Nerve: Innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
(Bhatnager, Pg. 375)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor functions such as shrugging the shoulders or turning the head?
The Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN 11)
(Bhatnager, Pg. 389)
What would be some symptoms of an UMN lesion?
Delayed muscle spasticity, increased muscle tone hyper-reflexes, and contralateral hemiplegia
(Bhatnager, pg. 341)
Cranial Nerve 1 is responsible for sending information from the nasal mucosa to the olfactory bulb. What is the primary role of the olfactory bulb?
The olfactory bulbs serve as a relay station for all impulses transmitted between the olfactory epithelium and the primary olfactory cortex.
(Ch 1 and 2 PowerPoint, Slide 65).
Ocular muscles such as the ones innervated by the occulomotor and trochlear can be affected by which paresis-inducing neuromuscular disease?
Myasthenia Gravis
(Bhatnager, pg. 366)
Which of the nerves from the Pons, if damaged, would result in atypical eye movements, impaired vision, and lack of gaze control?
Cranial Nerve 6, the Abducens nerve
(Bhatnager, Pg. 371)
The Hypoglossal Nerve (CN 12)
(Bhatnager, Pg. 389)
What would be some symptoms of a LMN lesion?
Flaccid limb-centered paralysis, decreased tone and reflexes, and muscle atrophy. (Ipsilateral damage)
(Bhatnager, p.341)
If a client is suffering from anosmia, which cranial nerve has been affected?
Cranial Nerve 1 (olfactory)
(Bhatnager, pg. 80).
Damage to the occulomotor or trochlear nerve could result in what vision deficit(s)?
Ptosis (eyelid paralysis) or diplopia (double vision)
(Bhatnager, Pg. 366)
Damage to the facial nerve (CN 7) could result in what impaired functions?
Paralysis of ipsilateral facial muscles, excessive or diminished gland secretion (saliva), loss of taste on the anterior 2/3 of tongue.
(Bhatnager, Pg. 377)
Damage to what nerve could cause ipsilateral paralysis of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx?
The Vagus Nerve (CN 10)
(Bhatnager, pg. 387)