Helping Skills
A paraphrase is different from this type of response, which asks the client to give you information.
A Question
TRUE or FALSE: Psychodynamic therapy has no empirical support and has been shown to be less effective than other therapies.
FALSE
This core condition means the counselor accepts the client fully, without judgment, regardless of what they share.
Unconditional Positive Regard
In ACT, rather than trying to eliminate painful thoughts or feelings, clients are helped to clarify this — what truly matters to them in life.
Values
Kimberlé Crenshaw developed this concept to describe how race, gender, class, and other identities overlap and interact — rather than existing as separate, isolated experiences.
Intersectionality
This skill involves restating what a client said in your own words to show you understood the main point.
Paraphrasing
In psychodynamic therapy, this term describes when a client redirects feelings from a past relationship onto their therapist.
Transference
In person-centered therapy, the counselor does not set the agenda or tell the client what to work on. This is because the client is considered to be this.
Expert on themselves
In CBT, these are unhelpful thinking patterns such as assuming the worst will happen or seeing things as all-or-nothing. These keep a person stuck.
Cognitive distortions
These two ethical principles rhyme with each other and mean a) the counselor has a duty to avoid causing harm to their client and b) the counselor has a duty to benefit their client
Beneficence and nonmalifecence
When a counselor says "It sounds like you felt invisible in that moment," this is an example of this skill.
Reflection of Feeling
Shedler (2010) identifies 7 features of psychodynamic therapy. Name at least 3.
Focus on emotion, exploration of defenses, focus on therapeutic relationship, repeating patterns, discussion of past, focus on interpersonal relationships, focus on fantasies
Carl Rogers identified three core conditions for therapeutic change. Name all three.
Congruence, empathy, and unconditional positive regard
In ACT, this practice involves observing your thoughts from a distance rather than getting caught up in or controlled by them.
Defusion
The six ethical principles in counseling. Name at least three.
Autonomy, Justice, Nonmaleficence, Fidelity, Beneficence, Veracity
This type of question cannot be answered with a simple yes or no, and invites the client to share more.
An open/ open-ended question
This type of therapy, covered in class, incorporates both feminist and psychodynamic ideas and focuses on working through connection and disconnection in the therapeutic relationship itself.
Relational-cultural therapy
Rogers believed all people have an inborn drive toward growth and self-fulfillment.
Actualizing/ Self-actualizing tendency
Unlike person-centered therapy, CBT takes this kind of stance in sessions — the counselor is structured, sets goals, and guides the work actively
Active and directive
This concept refers to a counselor's awareness of how their own background, values, and beliefs influence how they work with clients.
Positionality
This skill, starting with an "I" is something a psychodynamically/ psychoanalytically oriented therapist may do more.
Interpretation
In psychodynamic thinking, this term describes the therapist's own unresolved feelings getting activated by a client — and why therapists are encouraged to seek their own therapy.
When a parent only shows love and approval when a child meets certain expectations, Rogers would say the child is developing these — which later cause psychological distress.
Conditions of worth
ACT and DBT are considered "third wave" approaches. Name one way they differ from traditional CBT in how they handle difficult thoughts and emotions.
They offer acceptance or tolerance of distressing emotions rather than pushing them away or challenging them.
A counselor is working with a client who holds strong religious values the counselor personally disagrees with. Pushing the client to reconsider those values would violate which ethical principle?
Autonomy