Genetics
The observable traits of an organism are referred to by this term.
Phenotype
This term describes a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem relative to its abundance.
Keystone Species
This process allows immune cells to engulf and digest pathogens.
Phagocytosis
This greenhouse gas, produced largely by burning fossil fuels, is the primary driver of global warming.
Carbon Dioxide
This gas is the primary driver of respiratory rate regulation via chemoreceptors in the medulla.
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
This technique allows scientists to amplify DNA sequences exponentially.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
This term refers to a complex network of feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem.
Food Web
This type of immunity is present from birth and responds non-specifically.
Innate Immunity
These polar mammals rely on sea ice to hunt, but climate change threatens them as ice continues to melt.
Polar Bears
This molecule is responsible for oxygen transport in the blood
Hemoglobin
This process results in the formation of gametes with half the number of chromosomes.
Meiosis
This ecological term represents the maximum population size an environment can sustainably support.
Carrying Capacity
These proteins are secreted by B cells and bind to antigens
Antibodies
Deforestation of this major South American rainforest reduces carbon storage and accelerates warming.
Amazon Rainforest
This hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and plays a key role in the fight-or-flight response.
Epinephrine
This molecule carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome
mRna
These organisms are able to produce their own food, usually through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Autotrophs
This class of antibody is primarily found in mucosal areas and plays a key role in neutralizing pathogens at entry points.
IgA
This international agreement, adopted in 2015, aims to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C.
The Paris Agreement
This hormone increases blood glucose levels and is secreted by the pancreas
Glucagon
This type of mutation results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid, potentially altering protein function.
Missense Mutation
This is the gradual ecological process of change and replacement in a community following a disturbance.
Ecological Succession
This cell type presents antigens to T cells and bridges innate and adaptive immunity.
Dendritic Cells
This phenomenon occurs when oceans absorb excess CO₂, causing a decrease in pH that harms coral reefs and shell-forming organisms.
Ocean Acidification
This filamentous protein in muscle fibers has heads that bind to actin and use ATP to generate force during contraction.
Myosin