Labor Struggles
What was the goal of the 1886 labor rally in Chicago that turned violent with a bomb explosion?
Support for 8-hour workday
What union, founded by Samuel Gompers, focused on skilled laborers?
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
When workers stop working to protest conditions or wages
What is a strike?
What 1862 law gave free land to settlers who farmed it for five years?
Homestead Act
What transportation network revolutionized the American economy in the 1800s?
transcontinental railroad
What 1890 event marked the end of armed Native American resistance?
The Wounded Knee Massacre
What did many Americans begin to associate unions with after the Haymarket Affair?
Radicalism and Violence
Who was largely excluded from the AFL in its early years?
Women, Black workers, and unskilled laborers
What tactic involves workers joining together to negotiate as a group with their employer?
What is collective bargaining?
Who benefited most from land giveaways besides settlers?
Railroad companies and speculators
How did railroads impact Native American communities?
They displaced tribes and increased westward expansion
Why did the U.S. government view the Ghost Dance movement as a threat?
Because they feared it would lead to a Native uprising and resistance to federal control.
What was the name of this violent event that damaged public support for labor unions?
The Haymarket Affair
What were the main goals of the AFL?
Higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions
What is a sit-down strike?
Workers occupy the workplace rather than leaving it
How many acres did settlers receive under the Homestead Act?
160 Acres
What did the federal government give to railroads to encourage construction?
Land grants and low-interest loans
What spiritual movement among Native Americans contributed to tensions before Wounded Knee?
The Ghost Dance
What labor group was weakened as a result of the Haymarket Affair?
Knights of Labor
What was the AFL’s approach to achieving labor goals?
Collective bargaining
Why was the sit-down strike such a powerful tactic?
It halted production and made it hard to replace workers or remove them without violence
Why did many homesteaders struggle despite the promise of free land?
Poor soil, harsh weather, and isolation
What was one negative consequence of government support for railroads?
Corruption and scandals like Credit Mobilier
What term refers to Native leaders working across tribal lines for rights and unity?
Pan-Indian Progressives
What happened to the eight anarchists accused after the Haymarket bombing?
Four were executed despite a lack of evidence linking them to the bombing
What made the AFL more successful than earlier labor movements?
Its practical goals and non-political strategy
A group of striking workers who protest outside a workplace to discourage others from entering or taking their jobs is called what?
A picket line
What region of the U.S. saw the most rapid settlement due to the Homestead Act?
The Great Plains
What kinds of workers helped build the railroads but were often exploited?
Chinese immigrants and Civil War veterans
How did U.S. government policies in the late 1800s try to assimilate Native Americans into white society?
By promoting boarding schools, outlawing traditional practices, and encouraging private land ownership through the Dawes Act.