Reconstruction
What was the name of the federal agency created in 1865 to help former enslaved people transition to freedom?
Freedmans Bureau
Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
13th
What slogan symbolized Black Americans’ hope for land redistribution after slavery?
Forty Acres and a Mule
What is a “Robber Baron”?
A business leader accused of using ruthless tactics to gain wealth
What scientific theory was applied to society in Social Darwinism?
Natural Selection
What 1890 law was the first federal attempt to limit monopolies?
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
What kind of services did the Freedmen’s Bureau provide to former slaves?
Food, housing, education, legal help, and medical care
Which amendment granted African American men the right to vote?
15th
What system replaced slavery but often trapped Black families in poverty and debt?
Sharecropping
What is a “Captain of Industry”?
A business leader seen as positively contributing to the economy and society
Who was the leading philosopher who promoted Social Darwinism?
Herbert Spencer
What agency was created in 1887 to oversee railroad practices?
Interstate Commerce Commission
Why did the Freedmen’s Bureau struggle to succeed in the South?
It was underfunded and faced strong opposition from Southern whites
Which amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law?
14th
Why was freedom of movement significant to newly freed people?
It allowed them to reunite with family and symbolize independence
Which steel magnate donated millions to build public libraries?
Andrew Carnegie
What economic system did Social Darwinism support?
Laissez-faire capitalism
What did the Interstate Commerce Commission try to prevent?
Unfair pricing and rate discrimination by railroads
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau’s most lasting contribution to the South?
Establishing thousands of schools for Black children and adults
Which amendment was used as the constitutional basis for later civil rights claims?
14th
How did marriage change for formerly enslaved people after the end of Slavery?
Their marriages were legally recognized for the first time
Which oil tycoon founded a powerful trust and gave to public health causes?
John D. Rockefeller
How did Social Darwinism justify inequality?
It claimed the rich were more “fit” to succeed
What novel by Upton Sinclair exposed the horrors of the meatpacking industry?
The Jungle
What action effectively ended Reconstruction and allowed white Democrats to regain control of Southern governments?
Removal of Federal Troops from the South
What phrase did the 15th Amendment use to prohibit voting discrimination?
What phrase did the 15th Amendment use to prohibit voting discrimination?
What did Black political participation during Reconstruction include?
Voting, running for office, and serving in local, state, and national government
What does the term “Gilded Age” suggest about the era?
That surface prosperity hid deep problems like poverty and corruption
How did Social Darwinism reinforce racism and class division?
It suggested nonwhite and poor people were less evolved or capable
What is one of the major laws passed after The Jungle was published?
The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act