Cell organelles
These barrel-shaped organelles help organize the mitotic spindle during cell division in animal cells.
Centrioles
DNA replication takes place during this phase of the cell cycle.
S phase of interphase
This type of transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient.
passive transport
These are the most common cartilage types, found in the nose, ribs, and joints.
hyaline cartilage
This is the process of bone formation.
Ossification
This organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste and cellular debris.
Lysosome
This enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to the DNA strand during replication.
DNA polymerase
When a cell is placed in this type of solution, water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink.
hypertonic solution
These bone cells build bone matrix and are responsible for bone growth.
Osteoblasts
Where does primary ossification occur?
In the Diaphysis
This cytoskeletal element helps maintain cell shape and is involved in intracellular transport and mitosis.
Microtubule
This enzyme joins Okazaki fragments together by forming covalent bonds between DNA segments.
Ligase
This carrier protein uses ATP to move sodium out and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients(tell me how many in and out)
Sodium potassium pump
3 sodium out
2 potassium in
Bone matrix is made of 1/3 organic components and 2/3 inorganic mineral salts. This mineral gives bone its hardness.
hydroxyapatite (or calcium phosphate)
Flat bones of the skull and clavicles develop from this process that uses fibrous membranes.
intramembranous ossification
This network of membranes is involved in protein synthesis and is studded with ribosomes.
rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)
This type of RNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.
messenger RNA (mRNA)
This type of endocytosis is sometimes called “cell eating” and involves the engulfing of large particles.
phagocytosis
This dense connective tissue membrane covers the outer surface of bone and contains osteogenic cells.
periosteum
The area of growing bone in children and adolescents, located between the epiphysis and diaphysis.
epiphyseal plate (or growth plate)
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Golgi Apparatus
The process of reading mRNA and assembling amino acids into a protein is called this
translation
This is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, usually through aquaporins.
osmosis
These small spaces in compact bone house osteocytes.
Lacunae
When calcium levels in the blood drop, this hormone is released to stimulate osteoclast activity.
Parathyroid hormone