dna helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, nuclease, repair polymerase, dna ligase, topoisomerase (I or II)
100
RNA polymerase is used in ____________
transcription
100
transcription happens in the _________
nucleus
100
Which proteins are common to all cells?
Housekeeping proteins
200
What are the functional units of heredity?
genes
200
What is the difference between topoisomerase I and II?
topo I makes a nick in one strand and relieves torsional stress, topo II makes a double strand DNA break and untangles DNA molecules
200
Sigma factor is unique to _________
bacteria
200
During splicing, __________ are removed from mRNA.
introns
200
Histone acetylases ___________ acetyl groups to lysines while histone deacetylases ________ acetyl groups.
Attach, remove
300
During which phase in the cell cycle does the cell stop growing and divides?
M (mitosis) phase
300
Why is eukaryotic replication shorter than bacterial replication?
Eukaryotes have several replication origins so it shortens the time
300
Which transcription factor binds to TATA box?
TFIID
300
What are the 3 stop codons?
UAG, UAA, UGA
300
What is a way to turn gene expression off?
condense chromatin or repressors prohibit GTFs binding
400
________ are at the center of the chromosome, __________ are at the ends of the chromosome.
centromere; telomere
400
Thymine dimers are caused by?
sunlight/UV rays
400
mRNA moves to __________ for translation
cytoplasm
400
During translation, the tRNA binds to which site on the ribosome?
A site
400
In the presence of glucose, a gene is ________
off
500
The nucleosome is made up of what 8 histone molecules?
2 H2A, 2 H2B, 2 H3, 2 H4
500
What is a similarity and difference between NHEJ and HRR?
Both are types DNA double-strand break repairs. NHEJ alters the original DNA by deletions or insertions (fast and easy). HRR is more complicated and less frequent but is precise (slow and difficult) because it uses other chromosome to repair DNA.
500
What occurs during RNA processing?
5' capping, poly-A tail, splicing of mRNA. then it is ready to be exported to cytoplasm
500
A covalent peptide bond is formed between which two sites on the ribosome?
A & P site
500
A nuclease that cleaves the double stranded RNA into shorter fragments?