Plasma membrane
What model describes the flexible, multi-component structure of the cell membrane?
Fluid mosaic model
What toxic compound accumulates in human muscle cells during anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid
The word equation for photosynthesis ?
water + carbon dioxide --> glucose + oxygen
Enzymes are ?
Biological catalysts
What standard acronym describes the full name of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Which structural component of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic (water-fearing)?
Fatty acid tails
What are the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase surface area called?
Cristae
Name ALL the 3 factors that are known to affect the rate of photosynthesis
light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide
What is it called when enzymes lose their shape
Denaturation
Which pyrimidine base always pairs with Adenine in DNA?
Thymine
What type of passive transport moves water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
What is the net yield of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis alone?
2
The main photosynthesizing cells or layer in a leaf are called?
Palisade mesophyll cells /Palisade layer
What theory is used to explain why the rate of enzymatic reactions increases with increasing temperature?
Collision theory
What term describes the opposite spatial orientation of the two complementary DNA strands?
Antiparallel
What type of transport moves glucose down its concentration gradient via a channel or carrier protein without using energy?
Facilitated diffusion
What enzyme spans the inner membrane and synthesizes ATP as hydrogen ions flow through it down their concentration gradient?
ATP synthase
What is the name of the hydrogen (and high energy electron) carrying molecule in photosynthesis reactions?
NADP+ / NADPH
What non-protein organic helper molecules (like vitamins) assist enzyme function?
Coenzyme or cofactor
What is the name of the short RNA sequence that must be laid down before DNA Polymerase can start building?
RNA primer
What bulk transport process engulfs large particles or whole organisms into the cell?
Phagocytosis
Which stage of aerobic respiration produces the vast majority of cellular ATP?
Electron transport chain
What is the name of the cycle where carbon (from CO2) is fixed to create glucose?
Calvin cycle
What energy barrier do enzymes lower to speed up chemical reactions?
Activation energy
Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments into a continuous sugar-phosphate backbone?
Ligase