Cytoskeleton Structure
Extracellular Matrix (fibrous molecules)
Extracellular Matrix (ground substance)
Molecular Motors
Miscellaneous
100
Both alpha and beta subunits bind GTP but only the beta subunit of this cytoskeletal filament cycles the nucleotide from GTP to GDP and back.
What are microtubules?
100
This extracellular matrix molecule has been used for years to enhance the lips of women around the world.
What is collagen?
100
These sugary molecules are considered to be part of the ground substance and help attract water to areas where they are expressed.
What are GAGS?
100
This cytoskeletal filament does not require motors.
What is an intermediate filament?
100
The mushroom called the death cap has two toxins, both found in the scientific name for the species.
What is Aminita phalloides?
200
This structure, with two parrallel and two anti-parallel subunits, is considered the protofilament for Intermediate filaments.
What is the tetramer?
200
The structure of collagen is particularly strong because of _______ bonds between the individual collagen chains within the collagen triple helix (intrachain) and between the triple helices of distinct collagen molecules (interchain).
What are covalent bonds?
200
This pressure keeps bones from rubbing on bones in your joints.
What is turgor pressure?
200
These molecular motors travel towards the plus end of their respective filaments (must name motor/filament pairs).
What are kinesin/microtubules and myosin/actin?
200
These are put together by staggering them, like one does with bricks, to create a stable and efficient structural cytoskeletal filament?
What are intermediate tetramers?
300
The arrangement of these protofilaments are parallel and there are two protofilaments in this dynamic cytoskeletal filament.
What is actin?
300
This molecule is unique because it contains multiple different binding sites and can link the binding of cells to ECM.
What is fibronectin?
300
These molecules contain sulfate groups, making them some of the most anionic molecules in the body.
What are GAGS?
300
The ______ of molecular motors bind and hydrolyze ATP, causing changes in the motor protein structures that allow movement on cytoskeletal filaments.
What are heads?
300
The Z-disc, found on either end of the _____________, are made of intermediate filaments and bind the actin.
What are sarcomeres?
For a bonus, which end of actin is bound to the Z disc?
400
The two three cytoskeletal filaments that are considered dynamic and which have plus and minus ends.
What are microtubules and actin?
400
This sequence of amino acids can be found in collagen fibers.
What is GXY, with X and Y being hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine?
400
These molecules (two of them) allow for proteins in the extracellular space to be used over time and may protect proteins from degradation.
What are GAGs and proteoglycans?
400
The myosin thick filament is said to be _______ with heads facing to the right as well as to the left.
What is bipolar?
400
Energy is required to stop a muscle contraction. This molecule on the ER uses ATP to allow calcium to be taken back into the ER.
What is the calcium ATPase?
500
The microtubule organizing center (MTOC) is found perinculear (next to the nucleus). The ______ end of the microtubules are found at the MTOC.
What is the minus end or the end with the alpha tubulin?
500
A deficiency of Vitamin C can cause this disease (1), causing the British to pack a lot of this fruit (2) on their boats.
What is 1) Scurvy and 2) limes?
500
The small dots are these extracellular fibers that are perpendicular to those shown in this EM image.
What is collagen fibers?
500
A person is in the state of rigor, when myosin is bound to ________(which nucleotide state), causing the tight binding of myosin to actin in myofibrils.
What is non-nucleotide bound? (No ATP = DEAD)
500
The valves of your heart must stretch and relax over and over again over the course of your lifetime. This molecule, ________, which covers the aorta and the extracellular matrix elastin, can cause Marfan's syndrome if it is mutated.
What is Fibrillin?