Cells
Cells that do not have a nucelus or any organelles are called...
Prokaryotic cells
Where does transcription occur?
Within the nucleus
Where does translation occur?
In the cytoplasm, sometimes in the nucleus
What is the function of a gene?
Code for protein
What was the name of the gel we made to grow our microbes?
Agarose
Cells that have a nucelus and other organelles are called...
Eukaryotic cells
What product does transcription create?
mRNA [messenger RNA]
What product is created by translation
- amino acid sequence
- protein
How many copies do you have for every gene/trait?
Two (one paternal and one maternal)
Why do we have a fire/burner setup?
To create a sterile environment
The three principles of Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic units of life.
Cell arise from pre-existing cells.
What is the enzyme that carries out transcription?
RNA Polymerase
What molecule has an anti-codon and brings over amino acids during translation?
tRNA [transfer RNA]
What are the two types of genes you could have?
Dominant and Recessive alleles
What are the two tools we used to transfer the contamination?
Swab + Inoculating Loop
What is a benefit of using prokaryotic cells in the lab?
- they grow faster, quicker generations
- they have simple DNA, easy to work with
Which side of the DNA does the mRNA match perfectly with (except for the thymines)?
The template strand runs 5' to 3'
What enzyme facilitates translation?
Ribosome
What is a genotype and phenotype?
Genotype: the types of genes you have
[Homozygous RR vs. Heterzygous Rr]
Phenotypes: the type of traits you have
[Brown vs Black eyes]
Why do things boil faster in a flask?
Heat flux/ convection
What is the circular DNA found in prokaryotic cells called?
Plasmid
What are three stages of transcription and what occurs at each?
Initiation - RNA polymerase binds to DNA
Elongation - polymerase gathers nucleotides to make mRNA
Termination - mRNA is created, polymerase hops off DNA
What are the three stages of translation and what occurs at each stage?
Initiation - Ribosome finds AUG on mRNA
Elongation - tRNA adds amino acids to ribosome
Termination - Ribosome reads a STOP codon and mRNA is dropped
What is the genotype and phenotype ratio of the children of a homozygous dad with brown eyes (RR) and a homozygous mom with black eyes (rr)?
100% Brown eyes (at least one R copy)
100% Heterozygous (Rr)
What is the technique called when contaminating the agarose?
- inoculating
- streaking (zig-zag pattern)