This is the organelle which synthesizes proteins from an mRNA transcript of the DNA code.
What is a ribosome?
100
This is the name for a differential in ion concentration on either side of a plasma membrane. (i.e. potential electrical and chemical energy storage across a membrane).
What is an electrochemical/ion gradient?
100
In this stage, the DNA code is replicated.
What is S-phase?
100
In this stage, the chromatids align along the central plane of the cell.
What is metaphase?
100
This type of cell forms a cell pate which separates the two daughter cells during cytokinesis.
What is a plant cell?
200
This is the organelle which functions as a storage place for newly synthesized proteins and is involved in protein sorting. (Hint: Its membrane is continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus).
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
200
This is the process of using ATP to move ions or other materials "upstream," against the concentration gradient.
What is active transport?
200
In this stage, the cell initiates checks via chemical signaling to ensure the cell is ready to replicate the DNA code.
What is G1 phase?
200
One of the characteristics of this phase is that the nuclear membrane completely dissolves.
What is prometaphase?
200
This is the collective name for the complex formed by a centromere and a mictotubule from the mitotic spindle during mitosis.
What is a kinetochore?
300
This is the organelle that contains many cristae (infoldings of plasma membrane) and replicates in a similar fashion to prokaryotes.
What is a mitochondrion?
300
This is the "turbine" protein which synthesizes ATP from movement of H+ ions across the membrane.
What is ATP synthase?
300
In this phase the cell corrects problems with DNA synthesis and ensures that the appropriate proteins have been synthesized for mitosis to begin.
What is G2-Phase?
300
One characteristic of this phase is that the chromatin condenses into stick-like forms called chromatids.
What is prophase?
300
This is the collective name for the uncondensed DNA and the histones (proteins) it is coiled around prior to/after mitosis.
What is chromatin?
400
This organelle is involved in packaging and sorting materials that are to be exported from the cell.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
400
This is the general name for water movement across a plasma membrane. (Note: Energy is typically not needed in this process.)
What is osmosis?
400
In this phase, chemical signals prevent the cell from further dividing.
What is G0-phase? (Also accept contact inhibition).
400
A characteristic of this phase is re-formation of the nuclear envelope.
What is telophase?
400
This is the number of chromosomes that would be present in a triploid (3n) human.
What is 69?
500
This organelle produces microtubules that provide structural support, and kinetochore/polar microtubules during cell division.
What is the centrosome? (What are centrioles?)
500
This is the membrane-bound protein which uses ATP in many processes within the cell (often to move an ion against its gradient).
What is Na+/K+ ATP-ase?
500
This is the collective name for the first three phases of the cell cycle.
What is interphase?
500
A cleavage furrow forms, but only in this type of cell.
What is an animal cell?
500
This is the name of the now world-famous female biologist who initially articulated the Endosymbiotic Theory of Cells in the 1960s; whom everyone initially laughed at before realizing she was right, and who proved that biology is not "A Man's World" after all.