Common Bonds (guess the term in 3 hints!)
1. These possess dendrites and axons that are essential for receiving information
2. One of the only cells recognized today that emit an electrical current
3. Two notable functions of this scientific term are sensory and motor function
What is a "neuron"?
This scientific term is non-polar and passively diffuses, binding to select cells called “target cells."
What is a "steroid hormone"?
This organelle controls and regulates the activities of the cell.
What is the "nucleus"?
An enzyme that transfers a phosphoryl group (-PO32-) from ATP to the side chain of a serine, threonine, or tyrosine residue in a protein
What is a "protein kinase"?
This scientific process is primarily identified as the stage where the ligand binds to the receptor protein, initiating a response.
What is "reception"?
This scientific term binds to receptor proteins and alters their ability to signal other cells, structure, and cellular behavior.
What is a "ligand"?
This scientific term comes in a circular, spiked form and disrupts select cell processes.
What is a "virus (COVID-19)"?
The semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm.
What is the "cell membrane"?
An extracellular molecule that binds to a cell-surface receptor and initiates intracellular activity.
What is a "first messenger"?
This scientific process is primarily identified as the action a cell undergoes as a product of a transmitted signal.
What is "response"?
1. This scientific term, similar to its civil engineering counterpart, organizes essential proteins to maximize signal efficiency
2. This scientific term assists in coordinating positive and negative feedback signals as a result of cellular function
3. This scientific term isolates protein function to inhibit competing protein interference
What is a "scaffolding protein"?
This scientific term refers to a process that utilizes the bloodstream to send messages to distant target cells.
What is "long-distance signaling"?
The jelly-like material that surrounds the nucleus and takes up a large portion of the cell.
What is the "cytoplasm"?
A small molecule/ion that sends signals from cell-surface receptors to effector proteins.
What is a "second messenger"?
The modification, amplification, and transference of a cell signal across various proteins primarily identify this scientific process.
What is "transduction"?
1. This scientific idea refers to the need to maintain equilibrium, sacrificing cell processes to do so
2. This scientific idea, if offset, can trigger the body to release water to mitigate temperature
3. This scientific idea is essential to maintain life and bodily function
What is "homeostasis"?
This scientific term, often defined as paracrine, describes a process by which a cell targets a nearby cell and diffuses information across its membrane, a short distance traveled.
What is "local signaling"?
The genetic code of an individual.
What is "DNA"?
A protein complex that is composed of core receptor proteins and receptor-associated proteins.
What is a "receptor complex"?
This scientific system details the process of select tissues that create and emit hormones into the bloodstream to control cellular function.
What is "endocrine"?
1. This specific cell process is an issue modern medicine is aiming to circumvent, to reduce unintended consequences of modern drugs
2. This specific cell process is integral to differentiating cells into their unique functions, maximizing efficiency
3. This specific cell process is essential to ensuring that not all molecules have the ability to enable or inhibit cellular processes
What is "specificity"?
This scientific process is identified as a result of interconnected transduction pathways, otherwise used to “boost” a cell’s effects.
What is "signal amplification"?
A protein that is involved in converting or transcribing DNA into RNA.
What is a "transcription factor"?
An enzyme that removes a phosphate group from a phosphorylated amino acid residue of the substrate protein.
What is a "protein phosphatase"?
This scientific term is primarily identified by the action of a process returning to its ground state after interference from external pressures.
What is "negative feedback"?