Meiosis 1
This phase of Meiosis 1 is when homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over begins.
What is Prophase 1?
These are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
What are sister chromatids?
This phase is often the longest part of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and replicates its DNA before mitosis actually begins.
What is interphase?
This is the process by which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
What is mitosis?
What are the three ways that cells communicate with each other?
What are Neurotransmitters, Paracrine Signaling, and Hormones
During this stage, homologous chromosome pairs line up along the cell’s center
What is Metaphase 1?
At the end of Meiosis II, cells are haploid. These contain how many sets of chromosomes?
What is one?
During this specific phase of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell.
What is Anaphase?
During this phase, chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
What is metaphase?
What triggers the growth process in cells?
What are Mitogens
This term describes the separation of homologous chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell
What is disjunction?
In this stage of meiosis II, four haploid cells are made which each have genetically distinct chromosomes.
What is telophase II?
These protein structures emerge from centromeres and attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes to physically move them during division
What are spindle fibers?
In this phase, the nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibers begin to form.
What is prophase?
What is needed for a cell to be triggered by a Polar hormone?
What is a hormone receptor?
The random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during Metaphase 1 contributes to genetic variation through this process
What is independent assortment?
What is the number of chromatids each chromosome has at the start of meiosis II?
What are two?
This crucial regulatory mechanism occurs during metaphase to ensure that all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibers before sister chromatids separate
What is the M checkpoint?
This phase is characterized by sister chromatids being pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell
What is anaphase?
What binds with G-coupled protein receptors to activate them?
What is a Ligland
This checkpoint during Meiosis 1 ensures that homologous chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibers before they separate
What is the metaphase checkpoint?
During meiosis II, a mutation stops centromeres from splitting. This prevents what stage from happening properly?
What is anaphase II?
If a parent cell has a diploid number of 46 chromosomes (2n=46), this is the exact number of chromosomes each daughter cell will have after completing mitosis
What is 46?
This stage of mitosis involves the reformation of nuclear membranes around two sets of chromosomes
What is telophase?
What do Ionotropic receptors do?
What is open Ion channels in response to specific stimuli to allow the flow of ions down the electrochemical gradient.