Cell Communication
Signal Transduction
Feedback
Cell Cycle and Division
Cell Cycle Reg., Cancer
100
These are the types of signals that are sent long distances through the blood stream.
What is endocrine?
100
These are the chemicals, such as epinephrine, that bind to external receptors and cause changes in a cell
What are ligands?
100
This is a set of internal stable conditions organisms maintain
What is Homeostasis?
100
The phase of the cell cycle most cells are in. This includes G1, S, and G2.
What is Interphase?
100
A cell enters this phase when it does not need to prepare for mitosis. In this phase a cell does only its job.
What is G0?
200
A receptor-peptide complex comes into contact with a nearby T-cell receptor. This is what kind of cell communication
What is Juxtacrine?
200
This is the protein that when activated by cAMP helps phosphorylate other molecules. It has a regulatory and excitatory portions.
What is a protein kinase?
200
This type of feedback maintains a set point and goes against the stimulus’s change.
What is negative feedback?
200
This is the part of the cell cycle when DNA is duplicated.
What is S / S phase?
200
The first, non-reversible checkpoint in the cell cycle checks for these two things.
What is Cell Size and Organelle Duplication?
300
Bacteria release signals when they sense other bacteria. As the number of bacteria increases, the bacteria releases more signals.
What is quorum sensing?
300
This is phosphorylated by adenylyl cyclase and will bind to the regulatory portion of the protein kinase.
What is cAMP?
300
The change detected is caused by an external or internal one of these.
What is a stimulus?
300
The portion of the M phase that follows mitosis and separates the cytoplasm.
What is cytokinesis?
300
The two main chemicals that help regulate the cell cycle.
What are cyclins and cdks?
400
In the Nervous System, neurotransmitters are released by one nerve cell and are received by nearby nerve cells.
What is paracrine signaling?
400
These types of ligands can pass through the membrane and do not need an external receptor.
(2 Qualities)
What are small and nonpolar?
400
After eating, your blood sugar increases. Insulin is released, signaling to your cells to take sugar from the blood. This lowers your blood sugar back to normal.
What is a negative feedback loop?
400
Chromosomes are only seen in this phase of the cell cycle.
What is mitosis?
400
A normal cell has damaged DNA and cannot move onto the next checkpoint. This cell will undergo this process if it cannot move onto the next cell checkpoint.
What is a proto-oncogene?
500
____________ is responsible for converting ATP to cAMP, a secondary messenger.
What is adenyl cyclase?
500
After phosphorylation, this is one of two outcomes for cellular response.
What is enzyme activation to produce a change in the cell
OR
Activation of a transcription factor to start transcription of a gene?
500
Fruits make ethylene when they ripen, which causes more fruit to ripen, leading to more ethylene. This is an example of a type of feedback loop
What is positive feedback loop?
500
What is the name of the mitotic phase when sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome are pulled apart by microfilaments of spindle fibers from centrioles?
What is Anaphase?
500
This tumor suppressor gene helps encourage checkpoints, and allows time to repair damaged DNA or causes cell apoptosis if beyond repair.
If TURNED OFF, can lead to cells skipping through checkpoints unregulated. (hint : its in study guide)
What is p53?