Cell Cycle 1
What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase
Cell division / M Phase
Why does a cell divide?
It becomes too big to support itself / for growth and development
During what phase does DNA replication occur?
S Phase
What is the process by which the information encoded for on a gene is turned into a function?
Gene expression
What are the basic and smallest units of life?
Cells
Which phase of the cell cycle is the first period of growth and development?
G1 Phase
What happens during G2 phase?
Cells grow and prepare for division
What is the name of the enzyme that builds DNA during replication?
DNA polymerase
What allows our body to be made up of different types of cells?
Gene expression / Transcription factors
Provide 3 examples of specific types of cells in our body.
Hair, skin, nerve, brain, blood
What are the 2 stages of cell division?
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
What is the name of cell division in prokaryotes?
Binary fission
What is the name of the enzyme that unzips DNA by breaking bonds?
Helicase
What can happen when the cell cycle is unregulated (checkpoints are skipped)?
Cancer
What are a group of cells with a specific function called?
Tissues
What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?
Mitosis - divide nucleus
Cytokinesis - divide cytoplasm
What type of cells are produced from mitosis?
Somatic (body) cells
What is produced from DNA replication?
2 identical DNA strands
What 3 environmental factors can cause mutations?
Radiation, chemicals, and infectious agents
What are a group of tissues with a specific function called?
Organ
What are the 3 parts of interphase?
G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase
What is produced at the end of cell division?
2 identical daughter cells
Where does DNA replication occur in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes - nucleus
Prokaryotes - cytoplasm
What 2 things can happen when a mutated cell goes through checkpoints?
Changes are fixed or the cell dies
What is the order of the hierarchy from smallest to largest?
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism