Mitosis
How many cells does mitosis produce?
2 identical daughter cells
How many cells does meiosis produce?
4 nonidentical daughter cells
What is cell specialization?
Process where general cells become specialized to do specific functions
The presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism's cells is called?
Diploid
Put in order:
1. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
2. The cytoplasm splits creating two identical daughter cells
3. Cell grows and DNA replicates
4. Chromosomes condenses and nuclear envelope disappears
5. Chromosomes have reached the poles, nuclear envelope reforms, cells begin to seperate
6. Chromatids are pulled away to opposite ends of the cell
3, 4, 1, 6, 5, 2
What type of cells are produced?
Somatic cells
What type of cells are produced?
Gametes! Sperm and Egg cells
What is an example of specialized cell that we learned in class and what does it do?
Nerve Cells - long and thin, to be spread and connect around the body
Skin Cells - Thin and layered for extra protection
Muscle Cells - Chords wrapped together for strength
Red Blood Cells-transports oxygen throughout the body
The part of the chromosome that the spindle fiber attaches to is called?
Centromere
Turkeys have 80 chromosomes in each of their body cells. How many chromosomes are in an unfertilized turkey egg?
40 chromosomes
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To create new body cells, for growth and reproduction
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To create gametes for the purpose of sexual reproduction
What word refers to the cell that forms when an egg and sperm join?
Zygote
What creates genetic diversity?
crossing over
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to continue to grow and divide in their non-specialized state for long periods of time. Although the genes found within the stem cells are the same, stem cells differentiate into unique cell types (e.g., muscle cells, nerve cells, skin cells, etc.) due to
a.random segregation and proliferation
b. meiotic division and fertiliztion
c. mutations in their genetic code
d. different patterns in their gene expression
different patterns in their gene expression
What are the phases of mitosis in order?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
When does crossing over occur in meiosis?
Prophase 1
Where do STEM cells come from?
Bone Marrow
The process by which cells divide to form new cells is called?
Cell Cycle
Sexual reproduction in some fungi and algae, involves the fusion of specialized structures known as hyphae. This results in the formation of a diploid(2n) zygote, which then undergoes meiotic division to form spores.How many chromosome sets would each spore have?
n/half
f a cell with 46 chromosomes goes through Mitosis, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have?
46. They are diploid cells
If an organism with 70 chromosomes in their diploid cells goes through meiosis, how many chromosomes will be the resulting cells?
35. The cells are now haploid instead of diploid.
Why is it important for cells to specialize?
To form specialized tissues
A fertilized eukaryotic cell that forms when a sperm and egg join together is called?
zygote
When Samatha was in college, her mom was diagnosed with bone cancer. Her mom took the test to see if she carried the bone cancer gene (p53) inherited from her mom. Unfortunately, the test came back positive. What biological event is most likely a cause for her mom’s breast cancer?
The different genetic combinations during meiosis