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In this phase of mitosis, chromosomes begin to condense and become visible under a microscope.
What is prophase?
In this phase of mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing spindle fibers to interact with chromosomes.
What is prometaphase?
In this phase of mitosis, chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane, preparing for separation.
What is metaphase?
In this phase of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell
What is anaphase?
In this final phase of mitosis, the separated chromosomes reach opposite poles, and new nuclear envelopes begin to form.
What is telophase?
This cellular structure responsible for organizing chromosomes begins to form, making the start of the mitotic process.
What is the mitotic spindle?
During prometaphase, these protein structures on the chromosomes serve as attachment points for spindle fibers.
What are kinetochores?
During metaphase, chromosomes align along this imaginary line in the center of the cell.
During anaphase, these identical copies of chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
What are sister chromatids?
During telophase, these structures reappear around each set of chromosomes, marking the end of nuclear division.
What are nuclear envelopes?
In prophase, this form of DNA, normally loose in the nucleus, starts to coil and condense into visible chromosomes.
What is chromatin?
In prometaphase, microtubules from opposite spindle poles attach to kinetochores on chromosomes, preparing them for alignment
What are spindle fibers?
In metaphase, these structures attached to each chromosome’s centromere are responsible for pulling sister chromatids toward opposite poles.
What are spindle fibers?
In anaphase, this structure shortens to pull sister chromatids apart toward opposite poles.
What are spindle fibers (or microtubules)?
In telophase, chromosomes start to uncoil and return to this loosely packed form, typical of the non-dividing cell.
What is chromatin?
During prophase, these paired structures move to opposite poles of the cell, playing a key role in spindle formation.
What are chromosomes?
This term describes the movement of chromosomes as they are guided by spindle fibers toward the cell’s center in prometaphase.
What is chromosome congression?
This cell cycle checkpoint ensures all chromosomes are properly aligned and attached to spindle fibers before moving to anaphase.
What is the spindle assembly checkpoint (or metaphase checkpoint)?
Anaphase begins when this protein complex is cleaved, allowing sister chromatids to separate.
What is cohesin?
During telophase, this structure, which helped pull chromosomes apart, disassembles as the cell prepares to complete division.
What is the mitotic spindle?
In prophase, each chromosome consists of two identical parts, attached at this region, which is critical for alignment during cell division.
What is the centromere?
During prometaphase, motor proteins like dynein and kinesin help move chromosomes by interacting with these structures that grow and shrink to push chromosomes.
What are microtubules?
During metaphase, this structure, also called the centromeric region, is the attachment point where spindle fibers pull on each sister chromatid.
What is the kinetochore?
In anaphase, these motor proteins generate forces that help pull chromatids along spindle fibers toward opposite poles.
What are dynein and kinesin?
In telophase, two distinct nuclei form, but the cell is not fully divided until this process, which separates the cytoplasm, occurs.
What is cytokinesis?