Cell Cycle Basics
What is the cell cycle?
The series of events a cell goes through as it grows, copies its DNA, and divides.
During which phase does the cell grow and perform its normal functions?
G1
What is mitosis?
The process in which the nucleus divides.
What molecule contains the genetic information of a cell?
DNA
A cell is growing and making proteins needed for normal activities. What phase is it in?
G1
What are the two major parts of the cell cycle?
Interphase and the mitotic phase (mitosis/cell division).
During which phase is DNA copied?
S phase
How many daughter cells are produced after mitosis and cell division?
Two
What is a chromosome?
A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information.
A scientist observes a cell copying its DNA. What phase should the scientist identify?
S phase
Which part of the cell cycle takes up most of a cell's life?
Interphase
What happens during G2?
The cell grows more, checks its DNA, and prepares for mitosis.
How are the daughter cells produced by mitosis genetically related to the original cell?
They are genetically identical, assuming no mutations occur.
When is DNA replicated during the cell cycle?
During S phase of interphase.
A cell has completed DNA replication and is making final preparations for division. What phase is it in?
G2
What is the main purpose of cell division?
To produce new cells for growth, repair, and replacement.
Why does the cell copy its DNA during S phase?
So each new daughter cell receives a complete copy of the genetic information.
What happens to chromosomes during mitosis?
They are separated so that each new nucleus receives a complete set of chromosomes.
After DNA replication, how many copies of each chromosome are present before mitosis?
Two identical copies, called sister chromatids.
A cell divides and produces two genetically identical cells. What process is responsible for dividing the nucleus?
Mitosis.
Put these stages in the correct order: G2, S, G1, Mitosis.
G1 → S → G2 → Mitosis
A cell has finished copying its DNA and is preparing to divide. Which phase is it in?
G2
Why is accurate chromosome separation important?
It ensures each daughter cell receives the correct genetic information.
Why must DNA be replicated before a cell divides?
So each daughter cell can receive a complete set of genetic information.
A student says, “DNA is copied during G2 because the cell is getting ready to divide.” Is the student correct? Explain.
No. DNA is copied during S phase, not G2. G2 is when the cell grows, checks the copied DNA, and prepares for mitosis