Cell Differentiation
Cells that have never differentiated and can become any type.
What are embryonic stem cells?
A repeated pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
What is the cell cycle?
In this phase, chromosomes condense and are visible as sister chromatids.
What is prophase?
Critical point where "stop" and "go" signals can regulate the cell cycle.
What are checkpoints?
Uncontrolled cell division.
What is cancer?
Cells found in adult bone marrow that are partially differentiated and can only become certain types.
What are adult stem cells?
The two (2) purposes of the cell cycle?
What is growth and repair?
In this phase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
What is metaphase?
Programmed cell death.
What is apoptosis?
Clumps of cells that divide uncontrollably.
What are tumors?
What is differentiation?
The growth phase of the cell cycle.
What is interphase?
In this phase, sister chromatids are separated into chromatids and move to opposite ends of the cell.
What is anaphase?
This is controlled by a chemical control system that starts and stops events.
What is the cell cycle?
Abnormal cells that typically remain clustered together.
What are benign tumors?
Undifferentiated cells that can become differentiated into one or more types of specialized cells.
What are stem cells?
The division phase of the cell cycle.
What is mitosis?
In this phase, the chromosomes decondense and the nuclear membrane reforms around chromosomes at each pole.
What is telophase?
Regulation that comes from outside the cell. Example: nutrients.
What is external regulation?
Cancer cells that break away from the tumor and move to other parts of the body creating more tumors.
What are malignant tumors?
What is a zygote?
The division of the cytoplasm into two (2) individual cells.
What is cytokinesis?
In this phase, the end result is two (2) identical body cells called daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
Regulation that comes from inside the cell's own nucleus.
What is internal regulation?
Cancer causing agents that cause cancer by mutating DNA.
What are carcinogens?