Interphase
what is the purpose of interphase?
cell growth and preperation for mitosis and cytokinesis.
what type of reproduction is mitosis?
asexual.
what happens after cytokinesis?
the cycle repeats over again, starting at interphase.
What is an unspecialized cell called?
Stem cells
what is the longest phase in the cell cycle?
Interphase.
how many sets of DNA (chromosomes) does the cell have at the end of interphase?
2 full sets of DNA (chromosomes)
What happens during anaphase?
sister chromatids seperate apart and move to opposite ends of the cell.
what is cytokinesis?
the cells that are being made in mitosis seperate into two individual cells. this process differs in plant and animal cells.
Why do cells differentiate?
To serve different functions
what are the different types of cells and what do they do?
stem cells- undifferentiated so they can be used in place of another kind of cell if one is lacking an amount of them.
cancer cells- the cell cycle goes unregulated due to a mutation and they shut down the cell divison process.
what are the phases in interphase and what happens in each of them?
G1- cell grows and creates proteins. Checkpoint.
S phase- DNA (chromosomes) replicate and divide to form indentical "sister" chromatids.
G2- cells continue to grow and produce proteins necessary for cell division. Checkpoint.
what happens in telophase?
chromosomes uncoil and a nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes at each pole of the cell. Spindle fibers break down and dissolve. Cytokenesis begins.
what happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?
in animal cells each cell contains its own nucleus and organelles when split.
What triggers the cell cycle or makes it stop?
when cells that are grown on a dish and are in contact with neighbors on all sides, it is turned off. Also when cells are grown in suspension and not in contact with the surface it is also turned off.
what happens if control of the cell is lost during the cell cycle?
uncontrolled cell divison can occur which could possibly cause cancer.
what happens during prophase?
chromosomes condense and become more visible. the nuclear membrane disappears and centrioles seperate and have moved to oppostie poles of the cell.
what happens during cytokinesis in plant cells?
in plant cells a cell plate forms midway between the divided nuclei which gradually splits the membrane. the cell wall forms in the cell plate.
what is a chromotid?
it is the duplicate or copy of the chromosome that it is connected to.
What are the checkpoints in interphase for?
a control point where stop and go signals can regulate the cycle.
what happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Spindle fibers connect the centromere to each sister chromatid to the poles of the cell. Cell has double DNA from s phase in interphase and is getting ready to split it into two individual cells.
when does cytokinesis occur in the cell cycle?
at the end of the cycle after mitosis is complete and the cell has passed all checkpoints.
protein structures that pull apart genetic info in the cell when the cell divides.