Cell Cycle and Interphase
The cell cycle results in ___ ________ daughter cells
2 identical
What are the two types of cellular reproduction?
List the phases of mitosis in order.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is the process by which stem cells give rise to specialized cells?
Differentiation
The division of the cytoplasm of the cell during cell division is referred to as_____________.
Cytokinesis
What happens during S phase?
DNA is copied/replicated
What are 2 advantages to asexual reproduction?
Faster, makes identical daughter cells
At which phase do the chromosomes condense and become visible in the cell?
Prophase
When cells are grown in a Petri dish, why do they stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish?
Contact inhibition. Contact with other cells stops cell growth.
Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble _______.
- moving needed materials in and waste products out
- using their DNA to meet the demands (DNA cannot keep up)
G1, S, G2
What is 1 advantage of sexual reproduction?
Makes genetically unique offspring, more likely to survive changing conditions.
In which phase do nuclei reform around the separated chromosomes?
Telophase
Why are stem cells important?
They have the potential to develop into other cell types
What are chromosomes?
Tightly coiled DNA + protein
Which part of interphase involves cell growth and regular cell functions?
G1
What function do external and internal regulatory proteins carry out?
regulate the cell cycle
What are 2 benefits of stem cell research and 1 ethical issue of stem cell research
Benefits: understand better how diseases occur, generate healthy cells/tissues to replace injured/diseased cells/tissues, improved cancer treatment, etc.
Ethical issue: using embryonic stem cells require the destruction of an embryo, which many view as a living human being (similar to the abortion controversy)
What percentage of time do cells spend in interphase, on average?
90%
What is 1 disadvantage to sexual reproduction and 1 disadvantage to asexual reproduction?
Sexual: slow
Asexual: less adaptable to environmental changes
During which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers line up the chromosomes in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
If a cell did not correctly duplicate its DNA during S phase, what type of regulatory protein (internal or external) would halt the cell cycle so it could be fixed?
Internal
How does packaging DNA into chromosomes help the process of cell division?
Makes it easier to keep things tidy; avoids DNA getting mixed up or tangled with other strands