Cell Cycle
The longest phase of the cell cycle is?
Interphase
What types of cells enter the G0 stage and do not continue to reproduce over a human's lifespan?
brain cells, muscle cells, nerve cells
In this phase of the cell cycle the cytoplasm divides and creates two new cells.
Cytokinesis
This is the name of the stage some cells enter once they have matured, because they will not be reproducing any more
G0
What is cancer?
uncontrolled cell growth
In what stage of the cell cycle does division of the nucleus occur?
M phase (Mitosis)
What 3 phases of the cell cycle are part of INTERPHASE?
G1, S and G2
This is the first phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers appear and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
Prophase
Why do cells reproduce using mitosis?
To replace and repair old cells
A severe burn damages skin cells, causing them to swell, burst, and trigger inflammation, leading to tissue death. Is this necrosis or apoptosis?
Necrosis
During what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication (copied) occur?
S phase
The series of events that a cell goes through as they grow and divide is called the _______ ______.
Cell Cycle
This is the fourth stage of mitosis in which two nuclei are present and the nuclear envelope begins to reform.
Telophase
What are two ways the cell corrects itself when it fails a checkpoint?
1- the cell pauses for repairs and proceeds as normal.
2- it undergoes apoptosis.
What is the role of tumour suppressor genes in cell cycle regulation?
Inhibit uncontrolled cell division.
During what stage of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for mitosis by doubling in size?
G 2
Put the following actions that occur during the cell cycle in order
DNA Replication, Cell Division, Prepares for Mitosis and Cell Grows
Cell Grows, DNA Replication, Cell Prepares for Mitosis and Cell Division
What is the difference between metaphase and anaphase?
Metaphase involves the sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell.
Anaphase involves the chromatids separating and moving towards the poles. The spindle fibres contract.
What are apoptotic bodies?
During apoptosis, a cell breaks apart into small, membrane-bound fragments called these.
What are some intrinsic factors that could trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis)?
DNA damage, cell stress…
Put the following stages of the cell cycle in order
G2, S-phase, M-phase, and G1
G1, S, G2 and M
Describe when cell checkpoints occur and why.
Checkpoints occur at G1, G2 and metaphase.
G1 checks if the cell is the right size and enough DNA to replicate.
G2 checks if the cell is the right size and ready for cell division.
Metaphase checks if the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell.
What is the difference between the mitosis of plant cells and animal cells?
In animal cells, cytokinesis forms a cleavage furrow, while in plant cells, a cell plate develops. Only animal cells use centrioles and plant cells have other ways of using centrioles.
Describe the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?
Apoptosis is a controlled, programmed cell death without inflammation, maintaining tissue health.
Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death due to injury, causing cell rupture and inflammation, leading to tissue damage
Describe what an oncogene is.
An oncogene has been mutated in a way that causes uncontrolled growth of cells.