Phases and Stages
This phase of the cell cycle is where DNA replication occurs.
What is the S Phase?
Damage to the DNA is assessed at this interphase checkpoint.
What is the G1 checkpoint?
These proteins bind to CDKs, activating them to push the cell through different phases.
What are cyclins?
This structure holds sister chromatids together until anaphase.
What is the centromere?
When this regulatory process fails, it can lead to uncontrolled cell division.
What is cell cycle regulation?
This is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis.
What is Interphase?
A cell enters this state if it fails to pass the G1 checkpoint and is not preparing for division.
What is G0 phase?
Microtubules attach to this region of the chromosome during mitosis.
What is kinetochore?
This term describes the two identical copies of a chromosome after DNA replication.
What are sister chromatids?
This type of tumor does not invade surrounding tissues or metatstasize.
What is a benign tumor?
Chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down during this phase of mitosis.
What is Prophase?
Before proceeding, this checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibres.
What is the metaphase checkpoint?
The mitotic spindle is made of these cellular components.
What are microtubules?
Chromosomes line up at this location during metaphase.
What is the metaphase plate?
These genes normally promote cell division but can cause cancer when mutated or overexpressed.
What are proto-oncogenes?
During this phase of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled apart.
What is anaphase?
The G2 checkpoint is regulated by these proteins that drive the cell into mitosis.
What are cyclin-dependent kinases?
This structure forms during animal cell cytokinesis to divide the cytoplasm.
What is the cleavage furrow?
This enzyme unwinds DNA during the S Phase to allow replication.
What is helicase?
This term describes the spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body.
What is metastasis?
This is the shortest stage of mitosis, occurring just before cytokinesis.
What is telophase?
This tumour suppressor protein is critical in halting the cell cycle when DNA damage is detected.
What is P53?
This protein complex degrades cyclins to regulate the progression of the cell cycle.
What is the proteasome?
This enzyme synthesizes new DNA strands during replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
This cellular process often triggered by damage, results in programmed cell death to prevent cancer.
What is apoptosis?