Cell cycle
DNA and RNA
Mitosis
Meiosis
Notes and Errata
100
Most cells spend most of their time in this phase of the cell cycle.
What is interphase? (Everything except mitosis)
100
This is the type of molecule DNA and RNA are.
What are nucleic acids?
100
The cells produced by mitosis can be described as this - having two copies of each homologous chromosome.
What is diploid?
100
At the start of Meiosis I, cells are this: having two copies of each homologous chromosome.
What is diploid?
100
This is the word for a stereotype we used this morning in Premeeting.
What is a trope?
200
In this phase of the cell cycle, DNA is replicated.
What is synthesis / S?
200
This is the base-pairing rule for DNA and RNA (which letters go with which?)
DNA: A-T, C-G
RNA: A-U, C-G
200
This is the goal of mitosis.
What is creating two identical copies of a body cell?
200
This is how many cells are produced from meiosis.
What are four haploid cells?
200
The Battle of Rivas took place in this year.
What is 1856?
300
These are the four stages of the cell cycle (full names - say what the letters stand for)
G1 - Gap one
S - Synthesis (DNA recplicated)
G2 - Gap two
M - Mitosis
300
List two similarities and two differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA only: Has Thymine (T), is double-stranded, is found in the nucleus of the cell
RNA only: Has Uracil (U), is single-stranded, is found in ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus, and elsewhere
Both: Nucleic acids, have a sugar-phosphate backbone, have four bases, have A, C, and G
300
These are all the phases of mitosis.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
300
This is one way meiosis leads to genetic diversity.
Answers include:
-Crossing over in prophase I (each chromosome unique)
-Independent assortment (each allele can be separated into gametes separately, leading to new combinations)
300
Write the full name of DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
400
These are places in the cell cycle where the cell ensures it is healthy and normal.
What are checkpoints?
400
Draw and explain the basic process of DNA replication. Show which strands are original and which are new.
400
Explain the relationship between mitosis and cancer.
Cancerous diseases are a result of mitosis happening too often and leading to uncontrolled growth of cells. This is usually due to one or more checkpoints at each part of the cell cycle failing to do its job and stop the cell cycle.
400
This is the difference between Anaphase in mitosis and Anaphase I in meiosis.
In Anaphase in mitosis, sister chromatids are separated. In Anaphase I, sister chromatids stay connected but homologous chromosomes are separated. This results in haploid cells at the end of meiosis I.
400
This is how many students are in 11/12 this semester.
What is 11?
500
Name one checkpoint in the cell cycle - when it occurs and what the cell checks for.
G1 - checks to ensure growing properly
S - checks DNA to make sure it is identical
G2 - checks that all organelles are copied
M - checks that chromosomes are correctly attached to spindles
500
Draw a DNA molecule and label a nitrogenous base, a base pair, a sugar, a phosphate, and a hydrogen bond.
500
Draw all the phases of mitosis.
500
List two differences between meiosis and mitosis. Explain why each is important for gamete production.
Answers will vary.
500
This is the name of one of Lewis's siblings.
What are John, Lilly, and Aaron?