These enzymes are in the cell at all times but must be activated in order to regulate the cell cycle.
What are cyclin-dependent kinases?
100
This is the longest phase of the cell cycle
What is interphase?
100
This cellular event that causes cell death is mediated by extracellular signals.
What is apoptosis?
100
This is the type of division that occurs in gametes (not meiosis) that causes a change from diploid to haploid.
What is reduction?
100
This process during meiosis involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
What is crossing-over?
200
Kinases perform this function to activate or inactivate proteins.
What is phosphorylation?
200
This phase of interphase occurs when DNA is synthesized.
What is S phase?
200
Platelet-derived growth factor is an extracellular signalling factor that stimulates this process in cells via a tranduction cascade.
What is growth?
200
Meiosis is a division that only occurs in this type of organism.
What is sexually reproducing?
200
This structure can be seen during the first division in meiosis and is an indicator of a crossing over event.
What is chiasmata?
300
This molecule is present in varying concentrations throughout the cell cycle
What is cyclin?
300
This is the division of genetic material in the nucleus.
What is mitosis?
300
The spindle anaphase checkpoint is regulated by sensors and molecules within the cell, so it is considered this type of signal.
What is internal?
300
During meiosis, these types of chromosomes are paired.
What are homologues?
300
This process increases diversity by ensuring that the 4 daughter cells of meiosis can contain any of the chromosomes inherited from mom and dad.
What is independent assortment?
400
This cyclin-cdk complex is responsible for telling the cell to enter mitosis.
What is MPF?
400
The sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles following this mitotic process.
What is alignment?
400
Cells will typically only grow until they cover a petri dish with a signal layer. This type of inhibition is known as _?
What is density-dependent?
400
This process involves the fusion of 2 gametes and restores the diploid number of chromosomes.
What is fertilization?
400
This process is considered random because in natural conditions, the sperm and egg that fuse to form a zygote are randomly joined.
What is fertilization?
500
Anaphase-promoting complex is a cell regulator that acts during mitosis to give the GO signal for chromosome separation. It becomes active when chromosomes are condensed and in this formation in the cell.
What is aligned?
500
This process consists of a cleavage furrow in animal cells and a cell plate in plant cells.
What is cytokinesis?
500
This disease is a result of an improperly regulated cell cycle.
What is cancer?
500
An elephant has 28 pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells. This is the number that would exist in an egg cell of an elephant.
What is 28?
500
This disorder is characterized by a presence of an additional chromosome at location 21 in the human genome.