Cell Cycle
This is one reason cells need to divide.
What is growth/repair/development/to stay small enough to efficiently move materials in and out?
Cell division consists of two parts, division of the nucleus (mitosis) and division (this)
What is cytokinesis?
The two copies of a chromosome, attached at the centromere.
What are sister chromatids?
The purpose of cell cycle checkpoints.
What is to make sure everything is going correctly?
Of malignant or benign, the one that means cells are non-cancerous
What is benign?
This important event happens in S phase
What is DNA Replication/Duplication/Synthesis
Chromosomes become visible in this phase of mitosis.
What is prophase?
The sister chromatids are held together at this structure.
What is the centromere?
A defective cell that didn't finish DNA replication would be stopped at this checkpoint
What is G2?
They don't respond to the signals that regulate the cell cycle, and grow/divide really quickly
What are cancer cells?
Three of the four phases of the Cell Cycle
What are G1, S, G2, M?
Genetic Material that is very hard to see since it is not tightly coiled is known as this
What is Chromatin?
This is the part of a chromosome where the spindle fibers attach.
What is the kinetochore? (centromere is OK)
One thing a cell might do if it reaches a checkpoint and things are NOT going the way they're supposed to
What is die/apoptize, fix the mistake, or keep on going anyway (cancerous)?
p53 is one of these genes that stays on the lookout for mistakes
What is a tumor suppressor gene?
During cell division, DNA is in the form of chromosomes, but DNA is called THIS during interphase.
What is chromatin?
In this phase of mitosis, you can see the sister chromatids moving away from each other.
What is anaphase?
These are microtubules (like muscle strings) that help move chromosomes around
What are spindle fibers?
These proteins combine with CDK to act as a "supervisor" for the progression of the cell cycle
What are Cyclins?
When cancer spreads from one place in the body to a different place.
What is Metastasis?
A cell that is not actively growing or dividing is in this phase of the cell cycle
What is G0?
In this phase of mitosis, you can see two new nuclei begin to form, and the original cell is starting to become two.
What is telophase (or cytokinesis)?
Spindle fibers originate from these structures, which duplicate in G2.
What are centrioles?
One of the checkpoints in the cell cycle and what is checked.
What is:
G1 checkpoint: make sure cell is big enough, all enzymes are ready for the S phase,
G2 checkpoint: Make sure DNA was properly copied, any last minute things that need to be made,
M checkpoint: make sure the chromosomes are attached properly to the spindle
When cancer cells grow on top of other cells, they are ignoring what cell control mechanism?
What is contact inhibition?