Cell Cycle Overview
S phase
Mitosis is the division of the _________________
nucleus
What are the 3 cell cycle checkpoints?
G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, M checkpoint
Define cancer
uncontrolled cell growth
What is the school play that begins this week?
Mean Girls
What kind of surface area to volume ratio do cells prefer?
Cells prefer a large surface area to volume ratio.
What are the four stages of mitosis in order?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What are we checking for at the M checkpoint?
Spindle fiber attachment
What are the two types of tumors? Describe them.
Benign - considered non-cancerous, stay at original site
Malignant - considered cancerous, ability to metastasize and spread throughout the body
Which element is said to keep the bones strong?
calcium....MILK!!
Pros and cons of asexual and sexual reproduction.
Sexual: takes a long time, increases genetic diversity
Asexual: occurs quickly, lacks genetic diverstiy
What is the role of centrioles?
If kinase + cyclin are present, what happens?
The cell cycle will occur
What are the 3 categories of stem cells? Describe each.
totipotent - have ability to become anything
pluripotent - have ability to become most cell types
multipotent - have ability to become closely related cell types
What is the largest organ in the human body?
the skin
What are the 3 parts of interphase and what occurs during each part?
G1 - cell grows in size, makes proteins, organelles duplicate
S - DNA replicates
G2 - more growth and preparation for division
What happens in each phase of mitosis?
Prophase - chromosomes are plain to see
Metaphase - chromatids line up in middle
Anaphase - sister chromatids are pulled apart
Telophase - two nuclei begin to form and cell begins to divide
What is apoptosis and why does it occurs?
Programmed cell death, remove unhealthy/damaged cells
Explain why a person would lose their hair during chemotherapy.
Chemo targets rapidly dividing cells, and hair follicles are some of the most rapidly dividing cells in the body.
What is the largest state (by area)?
Alaska
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Diploid cells have a homologous pair of chromosomes, haploid cells have one chromosomes from a homologous pair.
Draw a cell in telophase in 2n=6.
on board
Describe G0 and the types of cells found here.
G0 is the resting phase that cells enter if they do not pass the G1 checkpoint. Cells commonly found in this phase are heart and nerve cells.
What does iPSC stand for and what is it?
Induced pluripotent stem cells; adult stem cells that are transformed into pluripotent stem cells that act as embryonic stem cells
What animal is on a Levi's logo?
Horse