Interphase
What are the 3 stages of Interphase?
G1, S, G2
TRUE or FALSE: During prophase, the nuclear membrane reappears and the centrioles move to the poles.
FALSE: the nuclear membrane DISAPPEARS
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death.
Which type of cell...grows uncontrollably, very quickly, and in a non-uniform pattern?
Cancer cell
TRUE or FALSE: 1/3 of all cancer-related deaths are caused by tobacco use.
True
During the G2 phase, the cell checks for errors and prepares for mitosis. What happens if the cell finds an error?
Apoptosis - programmed cell death.
The phase where spindle fibers attach to the centromere and pull chromosomes to the middle of the cell.
Metaphase
What is one half of a chromosome called?
Chromatid
What are TWO things that can increase your chances of developing cancer?
Smoking/vaping, increased sun exposure, poor nutrition, genetics, lack of physical activity, etc.
List all of the phases of the cell cycle IN ORDER.
G1, S, G2, P, M, A, T, Cytokinesis
What occurs during the S phase?
DNA Replication; chromatids join and become chromosomes
What phase occurs after telophase?
Cytokinesis
To make an identical copy.
What are TWO possible treatments for cancer?
Chemotherapy, radiation, surgery
During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes FIRST become visible?
Prophase (when the nuclear membrane dissolves)
A cell begins Interphase with 46 chromosomes. After it completes the "S" phase, how many chromosomes are there?
92
What are TWO things that occur during Telophase?
(1) Spindle fibers disappear, (2) Nuclear membrane reappears and 2 nuclei are formed
A ___________________ is the middle of the chromosome.
Centromere.
Explain the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor.
Benign tumors are non-cancerous. Malignant tumors are cancerous and can metastasize.
Cytokinesis begins during which phase?
Telophase
What percentage of the cell's life is spent in interphase?
95%
Explain what occurs during Anaphase. Be specific about # of chromosomes.
During Anaphase, sister chromatids get pulled apart in opposite directions. The chromosome # doubles during this phase.
What extends from the centrioles and pulls sister chromatids apart?
Spindle Fibers
If a tumor can metastasize, what does that mean?
It can spread.
5% of the cell's life cycle is spent in which stage?
Mitosis