Cell Division
Name the three phases of the cell cycle.
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Interphase
How many phases are in mitosis, and what are they called?
4: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is the structural shape of DNA?
Double helix
The two strands that are created through DNA replication are called the _______ strand and the _______ strand.
Leading, lagging
What are the three main reasons for why cells divide?
Growth, Repair, Reproduction
True or false: DNA replication produces two identical strands of DNA.
True
The nuclear membrane and nucleolus break apart during this phase of mitosis.
Prophase
Identify which nitrogenous bases pair together: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine
Adenine + Thymine, Cytosine + Guanine
What is the product of cell division?
Two identical daughter cells
Cells spend 90% of their life during this phase of cell division.
Interphase
Which enzyme in DNA replication "unwinds and unzips the DNA"?
DNA Helicase
What is occurring in the cell during metaphase?
Chromosomes move along the spindle fibers to line up along the mid-line (equator) of the cell.
DNA is composed of _________, which have three components.
Nucleotides
The tangled bundle of threadlike DNA that exists during interphase is called ________.
Chromatin
________ is when the cell membrane pinches the cytoplasm to form two new identical cells.
Cytokinesis
Which enzyme links the sections of DNA together to help the backbone form?
DNA Ligase
During __________, sister chromatids separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite sides of the cell.
Anaphase
Which compounds make up the backbone of DNA?
Phosphate group & sugar group (deoxyribose)
Chargaff's Rules state that in DNA, purines should equal the amount of pyrimidines and Guanine should be equal to the amount of _________.
Cytosine
List 3 things that occur during Interphase.
Cell growth, DNA replication, organelle replication, carries out "normal" cell functions, prep for mitosis
DNA Polymerase is responsible for ___________ in DNA replication.
During which phase do chromosomes begin to uncoil and nucleoli & nuclear membrane reform?
Telophase
Name which bases are purines and which bases are pyrimidines.
Purines: Adenine, Guanine & Pyrimidines: Cytosine, Thymine
What is the main difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA replication?
Eukaryotes have many origins of replication, Prokaryotes only have one.