Cell Division
What is the product of cell division?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Interphase
How many phases are in mitosis, and what are they called?
4: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is the structural shape of DNA?
Double helix
Who took the x-ray picture that showed DNA was shaped like a double helix?
Rosalind Franklin
What are the three main reasons for why cells divide?
Growth, Repair, Reproduction
True or false: DNA replication produces two identical strands of DNA.
True
The nuclear membrane and nucleolus break apart during this phase of mitosis.
Prophase
Identify which nitrogenous bases pair together: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine
Adenine + Thymine, Cytosine + Guanine
What cell process has gone wrong to cause cancer?
Mitosis
Cells spend 90% of their life during this phase of cell division.
Interphase
Which enzyme in DNA replication "unwinds and unzips the DNA"?
DNA Helicase
What is occurring in the cell during metaphase?
Chromosomes move along the spindle fibers to line up along the mid-line (equator) of the cell.
DNA is composed of _________, which have three components.
Nucleotides
The tangled bundle of threadlike DNA that exists during interphase is called ________.
Chromatin
________ is when the cell membrane pinches the cytoplasm to form two new identical cells at the end of telophase
Cytokinesis
The original (old) strands of DNA can be used as a ____________ to make the new strands of DNA.
template
During __________, sister chromatids separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite sides of the cell.
Anaphase
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Nitrogen base, Phosphate group & sugar group (deoxyribose)
Chargaff's analysis of DNA indicates that Guanine should be equal to the amount of _________.
Cytosine
List 3 things that occur during Interphase.
Cell growth, DNA replication, organelle replication, carries out "normal" cell functions, prep for mitosis
What is the first step of DNA replication?
Enzymes (helicase) unwind and unzip the DNA molecule
During which phase do chromosomes begin to uncoil and nucleoli & nuclear membrane reform?
Telophase
The sequence or order of the nucleotides is called the:
genetic code
Who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the structure of DNA? (3 names)
James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins