The Cell Cycle
There are 20 chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there?
10
Chromosomes that have the same length, centromere posisiton, staining pattern and traits coded for by their genes are called ________ _________.
homologous chromosomes
Allele pairs (on homologous chromosomes) SEPARATE in gamete formation (meiosis).
Two alleles for each gene separate during gamete formation is Mendel's Law of _____________.
The monomers of proteins are ______ ______.
amino acids
A particular cell has half as much DNA as some other cells in a mitotically active tissue. The cell in questions is most likely in...
G1
If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state?
fertilization
The probability of tossing three coins simultaneously and obtaining three heads is _______.
1/8
Female mammals, including human females, inherit 2 X chromosomes. In females, one becomes inactivated and is thus called a _____ body.
Barr
The structural level of a protein LEAST affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the ______ ________.
primary level
Enzymes that attach phosphate groups to other proteins are called cyclin-dependent _________.
kinases
When we see a chiasmata under the microscope, we know that _________ is occurring (what phase of meiosis?).
prophase I
What phase of MEIOSIS is most directly related to the law of independent assortment?
metaphase I
The further apart 2 genes are on a chromosome, the _____ the probability that a crossover will occur between them.
higher or greater
What would be the base pair sequence pairing with the following strand of DNA?
5'-ATGC-3'
3'-TACG-5'
Once a cell completes mitosis, molecular division triggers must be turned off. What happens to MPF during mitosis?
The cyclin component of MPF is degraded.
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that ...
sister chromatids separate during anaphase.
Color pattern in a species of duck is determined by one gene with THREE alleles. Alleles H & I are CODOMINANT, & allele i is RECESSIVE to both. How many phenotypes are possible in a flock of ducks that contains all the possible combinations of these 3 alleles?
4
Ideally, the meiotic spindle distributes chromosomes to daughter cells without error. If a pair of homologous chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis I or sister chromatids fail to separate, this is called a _________.
nondisjunction
Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the endomembrane system? nuclear envelope, chloroplast, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane
chloroplast
A group of cells has 1 1/2 times more DNA than G1 phase cells. What phase of the cell cycle are these cells in?
S phase
State two differences between mitosis & meiosis.
MITOSIS - 2 cells produced, daughter cells are diploid, chromosomes line up in single file, genetically identical to parent cells
MEIOSIS - 4 cells produced, daughter cells are haploid, genetically different from parent, homologous chromosomes PAIR up
The first child of a normally pigmented woman of blood group AB is a boy who is albino with type B blood. The father has normal pigmentation and has type A blood. What are the chances that the next child born to this couple will be and ALBINO GIRL with TYPE B blood?
1/32
If a chromosome breaks and a fragment joins a nonhomologous chromosome, this rearrangement is called a ____________.
translocation
Most CO2 from catabolism is released during ______(which part of cellular respiration)?
citric acid cycle (Kreb's cycle)