Vocab
This form of genetic material is divided during meiosis I
What are homologous chromosomes?
All phases of cell division happen in this part of the cell life cycle
What is M phase?
This term refers to the two halves of a replicated chromosome
What are 'sister chromatids?'
The Greek prefix 'Ana-' means this
What is 'to step back or move away from?'
Give three examples of human somatic cells
What are skin cells, hair cells, spleen cells, liver cells, heart cells, intestinal cells, bone cells, white blood cells, red blood cells, etc?
This is the diploid number for humans
What is 2n = 46?
This is the haploid number for humans
What is n = 23?
This is the only time that chromosomes are visible inside a cell:
What is 'M phase/cell division?'
This process maintains the same chromosome number from one generation to the next
What is meiosis?
This refers to any part of a cell's life cycle when it is NOT dividing
What is interphase?
This is how many individual chromosomes you inherited from one of your parents
What is 23?
This is what happens when a cell goes into G0
What is 'the cell continues to function normally and performs all of its normal functions but does not make any further progress towards dividing again?'
List the three major parts of cell theory
What is 1) all cells come from pre-existing cells, 2) cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things, and 3) all living things are made up one or more cells?
In this form of asexual reproduction, the prokaryotic cell simply elongates and divides into two cells that are identical in size and shape
What is binary fission?
This many nuclear envelopes form at the end of telophase II
What are 4?
Give examples of cells that go into G0 temporarily and permanently
What are 'brain and spinal cord cells go to G0 permanently; reproductive cells go into G0 temporarily?'
Individual chromosomes decondense into chromatin and 4 nuclear envelopes form during this phase
What is telophase II?
Before crossing over, the two halves of a replicated chromosome are/are not identical - why?
What is 'they ARE identical because no crossing over has occurred so each chromatid is a replicated copy of the other?'
Briefly explain what occurs in S phase and WHY this is so important
What 'A full second copy of DNA instructions are made; important so that both new cells will have a complete set of DNA instructions?'
List the four major phases of the Eukaryotic life cycle that all cells will go through
What are 1) M phase, 2) G1, 3) S phase, 4) G2?
What TWO things do Metaphase, Metaphase I, and Metaphase II all have in common
What are 1) some form of genetic material lines up at the center of the cell and 2) there is a spindle checkpoint in all of them?
During this phase, 2 nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes in cells that will eventually become haploid
What is telophase I?
During this phase, replicated chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell and will eventually be turned into genetically-identical, somatic cells
What is anaphase?
These are three distinct features only seen in prokaryotic cells
What is 1) nucleoid region, 2) DNA in form of plasmids, 3) protein capsule, 4) no membrane-bound organelles, and 5) pili/flagella?
List four distinct features only seen in eukaryotic cells
What are 'eukaryotic cells are 1) large and complex, 2) can form organisms that are unicellular or multicellular, 3) have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, 4) lack pili and flagella, 5) DNA in form of chromosomes?'