Vocabulary
The Greek term 'Meta-' refers to this in biology
What is 'middle, central, to bring together?'
The term 'cyto-' means this
What is 'cell?'
The suffix '-kinesis' means this
What is 'movement?'
Germ cells are described as this (how many sets of chromosomes?)
What is haploid?
This is the diploid number for human somatic cells
What is 2n = 46?
The prefix 'pro-' means this
What is 'first?'
This is the end result of mitosis
What are two, genetically identical, diploid cells?
Meiosis I does this
What is 'separates homologous chromosomes?'
This structure holds two sister chromatids together
What is the centromere?
The prefix 'telo-' means this
What is 'last or final?'
This is the term for mature sperm or egg cells
What are gametes?
This occurs during anaphase II?
What is 'sister chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cells?'
This type of cell division helps keep individual organisms alive
What is mitosis?
This is genetic material in its least condensed form
What is chromatin?
Meiosis II does this
What is 'separates replicated chromosomes into sister chromatids?'
This happens during anaphase I
What is 'spindle fibers pull replicated chromosomes (former homologous pairs) to opposite ends of the cell?'
Meiosis I ends with _______, genetically-__________ cells
What is '2 genetically-different cells?'
This is why is it so important that mitosis CONSERVES genetic information
What is 'so cells continue to reproduce identical copies and continue doing the same jobs?'
This is why homologous chromosomes are similar but NOT identical
What is 'because they carry the same genes in the same order but NOT the exact same copies of the same genes?'
All genetic diversity in all sexually-reproducing organisms is due to this process
What is crossing over during Prophase I of Meiosis?
List the four things that occur during Prophase I
What is 1) DNA condenses from chromatin into homologous chromosomes which pair up, 2) crossing over occurs, 3) nuclear envelope breaks down and dissolves, 4) the spindle apparatus forms?
Explain what occurs during Metaphase I?
What is 'homologous chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell and a spindle checkpoint occurs?'
These three things occur during prophase
What is 1) nuclear envelope breaks down, 2) homologous chromosomes condense, 3) spindle apparatus forms?
These four major things occur during telophase
What is 1) individual chromosomes decondense into chromatin, 2) two nuclear envelopes form, 3) spindle apparatus breaks down, and 4) cleavage furrow forms?
These are examples of organisms that go through 1) binary fission, 2) budding, and 3) fragmentation
What are '1) bacteria/all prokaryotes, 2) plants, corals, many marine invertebrates, and 3) sea sponges, starfish?'